Wallace Bulimo is a former Associate Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Virology in the School of Medicine at the University of Nairobi and leads the respiratory pathogen surveillance program.  He has broad experiences in clinical applications, training development, biomedical research, teaching and mentorship.  He has mentored over 50 postgraduates at MScs and PhD levels, who have taken up strategic, scientific, research and administrative roles in Kenya and globally.

At the U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate –Africa (USAMRD-A), he oversaw activities of many clinical surveillance sites across Kenya to conduct surveillance for viral respiratory pathogens.  He also serves as Principal Investigator on numerous research protocols and coordinates activities on other protocols aimed at developing medical products and information to protect the health of communities. He is a Member of the Kenya National COVID-19 Taskforce and was appointed Team Leader of the sample handling and testing technical committee of this taskforce.

Internationally, he is a Board Member of the Advisory Board on Science Technology and Innovation (STI) Intervention For COVID-19, by African Scientific, Research and Innovation Council (ASRIC) of the Africa Union (AU).  For Fourteen years, he served as a member of the United States of America (USA) Department of Defense Joint Influenza Surveillance Working Group (JISWIG).

Globally, he has established several scientific partnerships with academia and government agencies in Kenya and the United States to research infectious agents in East Africa.  He conceived, established and led a vibrant program at USAMRD-A that educates, trains and guides young scientists, and more experienced colleagues, to achieve maximum scientific impact.  He is an ardent champion of Biorisk management matters and is the Deputy Chair of the Biorisk Management Association of Kenya and an International Federation of Biorisk Association approved professional.

Institution and Location	Degree	Field of Study
University of Nairobi, Kenya	B.Sc.	Biochemistry/Chemistry
University of Nairobi, Kenya	M.Sc.	Biochemistry
University of Hertfordshire, UK	Ph.D.	Molecular Virology
Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Berks, UK	Postdoctoral	Immunopathology

Professional Profile

• Assistant Principal, Research Scientist, KEMRI, Nairobi, Kenya             May 2021-to date
• PI/Virologist, U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Kenya              Jan. 2006-Sep 2020
• Associate Professor and Researcher, Dept. of Biochemistry, UON           June 2014-May 2020
• Research Intern, International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology, Jan. 2001-Jan. 2002
• Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Berkshire, UK, Jan. 1999-Dec. 2000
• Doctoral Research Fellow, Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Berkshire, UK, Oct. 1995-Nov. 1999.

Full list of publications found at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/wallace%20bulimo.dimbuson.1/bibliography/public/

1. Baba MM, Bitew M, Fokam J, Lelo EA, Ahidjo A, Asmamaw K, Beloumou GA, Bulimo WD, Buratti E, Chenwi C, Dadi H, D’Agaro P, De Conti L, Fainguem N, Gadzama G, Maiuri P, Majanja J, Meshack W, Ndjolo A, Nkenfou C, Oderinde BS, Opanda SM, Segat L, Stuani C, Symekher SL, Takou D, Tesfaye K, Triolo G, Tuki K, Zacchigna S, Marcello A. Diagnostic performance of a colorimetric RT -LAMP for the identification of SARS-CoV-2: A multicenter prospective clinical evaluation in sub-Saharan Africa. EClinicalMedicine. 2021 Oct;40:101101. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101101. eCollection 2021 Oct. PubMed PMID: 34476394; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8401528
2. Umuhoza T, Bulimo WD, Oyugi J, Musabyimana JP, Kinengyere AA, Mancuso JD. Prevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza and adenoviruses in East Africa Community partner states of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2007-2020). PLoS One. 2021;16(4):e0249992. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249992. eCollection 2021. PubMed PMID: 33905425; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8078816.
3. Umuhoza T, Bulimo WD, Oyugi J, Schnabel D, Mancuso JD. Prevalence and factors influencing the distribution of influenza viruses in Kenya: Seven-year hospital-based surveillance of influenza-like illness (2007-2013). PLoS One. 2020;15(8):e0237857. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237857. eCollection 2020. PubMed PMID: 32822390; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7446924.Langat SK, Eyase FL, Berry IM, Nyunja A, Bulimo W, Owaka S, Ofula V, Limbaso S, Lutomiah J, Jarman R, Distelhorst J, Sang RC. Origin and evolution of dengue virus type 2 causing outbreaks in Kenya: Evidence of circulation of two cosmopolitan genotype lineages. Virus Evol. 2020 Jan;6(1):veaa026. doi: 10.1093/ve/veaa026. eCollection 2020 Jan. PubMed PMID: 32523778; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7266482.
4. Kivata MW, Mbuchi M, Eyase F, Bulimo WD, Kyanya CK, Oundo V, Mbinda WM, Sang W, Andagalu B, Soge OO, McClelland RS, Distelhorst J. Plasmid mediated penicillin and tetracycline resistance among Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Kenya. BMC Infect Dis. 2020 Sep 25;20(1):703. doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05398-5. PubMed PMID: 32977759; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7517623.
5. Nyang’au EM, Bulimo WD, Mobegi V, Opanda S, Magiri E. Genetic analysis of HA1 domain of influenza A/H3N2 viruses isolated in Kenya during the 2007-2013 seasons reveal significant divergence from WHO-recommended vaccine strains. Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Jun;95:413-420. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.001. Epub 2020 Apr 7. PubMed PMID: 32276045.
6. Elusah J, Bulimo WD, Opanda SM, Symekher SL, Wamunyokoli F. Genetic diversity and evolutionary analysis of human respirovirus type 3 strains isolated in Kenya using complete hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene. PLoS One. 2020;15(3):e0229355. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229355. eCollection 2020. PubMed PMID: 32155160; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7064169.
7. Opanda S, Bulimo W, Gachara G, Ekuttan C, Amukoye E. Assessing antigenic drift and phylogeny of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus in Kenya using HA1 sub-unit of the hemagglutinin gene. PLoS One. 2020;15(2):e0228029. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228029. eCollection 2020. PubMed PMID: 32045419; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7012450

Summary of Qualifications

Lihana is a senior principal research scientist based at CVR in KEMRI. He majors in molecular analysis techniques, infectious disease surveillance, molecular cloning, and gene sequencing. He has worked with various stakeholders in implementing infectious diseases surveillance and management systems in Kenya. His competence includes knowledge of computer applications in research. He has a background in biological sciences with specialty in medical virology. He is an experienced researcher and academic administrator.

Research experience

Lihana has over 20 years’ experience in virology research. He has worked in pioneer programs in virology research in Kenya. Notable research include: Monitoring of Antiretroviral therapy (ART) among vertically infected Kenyan children; HIV surveillance in northern frontier districts of Kenya; Team member (laboratory) in pioneering early infant diagnosis of HIV in Kenya; HIV surveillance (laboratory) in urban slums of Kenya. With up scaling of ART in resource limited countries, he has been involved in surveillance of both transmitted and acquired HIV drug resistance in Kenya. He has great skills in outbreak investigations, Next generation sequencing (NGS) and analysis; Executed over 30 student research projects to completion. He has mentored several post graduate students in virology and an experienced national and international manuscript reviewer.

• Infectious Diseases (Virology)
• Outbreak investigations
• Public Health
• Epidemiology of infectious diseases
• Molecular Virology

INSTITUTION AND LOCATION	DEGREE	MM/YYYY	FIELD OF STUDY
1.      Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan	Doctor of Philosophy	03/2012	Health Sciences (Medical Virology)
2.      Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya	Master of Science	06/2006	Medical Virology
3.      Egerton University, Njoro, Kenya	Bachelor of Science	12/1996	Biological Sciences

1. PI: Evaluating the implementation of Kenya education sector HIV/AIDS Policy and its effects on School-going adolescents
2. Co-I: Trends in Adherence, Comorbidities, coinfections, and drug resistance among the aged living with HIV in Kenya
3. Co-I: Mental Health Status, Self-Management Strategies and HIV Disease Progression Outcomes Among Vertically Infected Adolescents and Young Adults in Nairobi and Busia Counties.
4. PI: Genetic diversity (pathogen) as applied to monitoring and management of viral infections.
5. PI: HLA and HIV-1 Viral Evolution in Modulating Disease Progression among HIV-1-infected individuals.
6. PI: Evaluation of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) among HIV-1-infected people with different disease progression rates.
7. Drug resistance and impact of community-based interventions among HIV infected persons in Kenya

1. Lihana RW, Ssemwanga D, Abimiku A , Ndembi N. Update on HIV-1 Diversity in Africa: a decade in review. AIDS Reviews 2012; 14(2):83-100.
2. Lihana RW, Lwembe RM, Bi X, et al. Efficient monitoring of HIV-1 vertically-infected children in Kenya on first-line antiretroviral therapy. J Clin. Virol. 2011, 52(2):123-8.
3. Lihana RW, Khamadi SA, Lubano K, et al. Genetic Characterization of HIV-1 among Patients with Suspected Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome after Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Kenya. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2010; 26(7):833-838
4. Lihana RW, Khamadi SA, Lwembe RM, et al. HIV-1 subtype and viral tropism determination for evaluating antiretroviral therapy options: An analysis of archived Kenyan blood samples. BMC Infect Dis. 2009 Dec 30;9(1):215.
5. Lihana RW, Khamadi SA, Lubano K, et al. HIV-1 Subtype Diversity and Drug Resistance among HIV-1-infected Kenyan Patients Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2009; 25(12): 1211-1217
6. Lihana RW, Khamadi SA, Lwembe RM, et al. The changing trend of HIV type 1 subtypes in Nairobi. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2009;25(3):337-342.
7. Lihana RW, Khamadi SA, Kiptoo MK, et al. HIV type 1 subtypes among STI patients in Nairobi: a genotypic study based on partial pol gene sequencing. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2006;22(11):1172-1177.
8. Nyamanga B, Kombich J, Nyangao J, Lihana R. Genetic Characterization of Group A Rotaviruses in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in Kericho County Referral Hospital, Kenya. Pan African Medical Journal 2024 47:197
9. Butoyi P, Odari E, Maiyo A, Lel R, Lihana RW. Molecular Characterization of HIV-1 And Drug Resistance Among HIV-1 Infected Patients Attending Kayanza District Hospital, Burundi. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare 2019; 9 (10): 53-61
10. Gicho RW, Waihenya R, Ndegwa D, Timothy M, Muthami L, Nzou M, Mutai K, Lihana RW. Seroprevalence of human cytomegalovirus infection and predisposing factors among HIV infected patients attending comprehensive care clinic at Kenyatta national hospital, Kenya. East Africa Medical Journal 2016 ; 93:10; 474

Dr. Konongoi Limbaso is a Senior Research Scientist at the KEMRI Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Laboratory and leads a team specializing in the detection and response to high-containment arboviruses and viral  hemorrhagic fever viruses. He has participated in numerous studies and outbreak support activities for major arbo virus outbreaks in Kenya and the region and is widely published in this field. He is a resource person in laboratory support and training of rapid response teams in the country and region. He has received intensive biosafety/biosecurity trainings and is a trainer of trainers on various aspects of field/laboratory biosecurity considerations. He is involved in multi sectorial research protocols studying the dynamics of zoonotic disease maintained and transmission in the country and region. He has participated in the generation of technical guidelines among them the, Operational guidance on the use of yellow fever assays in the context of surveillance in conjunction with other experts.

He is a member of various arbovirus technical working groups, the zoonotic technical working group (ZTWG), scientific subcommittee of the KEMRI KASH organizing committee and is the current Chairperson of the KEMRI animal care and use and biossafety committees. He is currently involved in Whole Genomic characterization of Rift Valley Fever Virus and co-circulating zoonotic pathogens to provide insights on the genetic diversity of RVF isolates collected in various regions in Kenya over different time periods and identify evidence of co circulating pathogens.

BVM, MPH

1. Onwong’a, A.A., Oyola, S.O., Juma, J., Konongoi, S., Nyamota, R., Mwangi, R., Muli, C., Dobi, P., Bett, B. and Ongus, J.R. 2024. Genome characterization of Rift Valley fever virus isolated from cattle, goats and sheep during interepidemic periods in Kenya. BMC Veterinary Research 20: 376.
2. Juma J, Konongoi SL, Nsengimana I, Mwangi R, Akoko J, Nyamota R, Muli C, Dobi PO, Kiritu E, Osiany S, Onwong’a AA, Gachogo RW, Sang R, Christoffels A, Roesel K, Bett B, Oyola SO. Using Multiplex Amplicon PCR Technology to Efficiently and Timely Generate Rift Valley Fever Virus Sequence Data for Genomic Surveillance. Viruses. 2023; 15(2):477. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15020477
3. Juma J, Fonseca V, Konongoi SL, van Heusden P, Roesel K, Sang R, Bett B, Christoffels A, de Oliveira T, Oyola SO. Genomic surveillance of Rift Valley fever virus: from sequencing to lineage assignment. BMC Genomics. 2022 Jul 18;23(1):520. doi: 10.1186/s12864-022-08764-6. PMID: 35850574; PMCID: PMC9295512.
4. Fuxun Yu, Ferdinard Adungo, Samson Limbaso Konongoi, Shingo Inoue, Rosemary Sang, Salame Ashur, Allan ole Kwallah, Leo Uchida, Corazon C Buerano, Matilu Mwau, Yan Zha, Yingjie Nie and Kouichi Morita. Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay systems using rift valley fever virus nucleocapsid protein and inactivated virus as antigens. Virology Journal201815:178. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-018-1071-y
5. Konongoi SL, Nyunja A, Ofula V, Owaka,S, Koka H, Koskei E, et al. (2018) Human and entomologic investigations of chikungunya outbreak in Mandera, Northeastern Kenya, 2016. PLoS ONE 13(10): e0205058. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205058
6. Limbaso Konongoi, Victor Ofula, Albert Nyunja, Samuel Owaka, Hellen Koka, Albina Makio, Edith Koskei, Fredrick Eyase, Daniel Langat, Randal J. Schoepp, Cynthia Ann Rossi, Ian Njeru, Rodney Coldren and Rosemary Sang. Detection of dengue virus serotypes 1, 2 and 3 in selected regions of Kenya: 2011–2014. Virology Journal 2016.13:182 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0641-0

Dr. Chohan has over 25 years of experience in the HIV/AIDS field in molecular virology and bioinformatics, including many years of management of HIV/STI research laboratories in Kenya. He has acquired the essential skills, education, experience and capability to lead research projects as the lead investigator. He has been the benefactor and lead PI of NIH GRIP funding grant (2009 – 2012): ‘examining early transmitted viruses in the early HIV seroconverters’; a NIH-CFAR New Investigator grant: ‘examining development of ARV resistance in early treated HIV-infected infants in Kenya’(2007 – 2009); a capacity building grant (2015-2016) funded by Swedish Research Council for ‘upgrade and training of HIV-related laboratories at KEMRI’; and a local funding grant for Health Research (2016-2018) from the Government of Kenya through KEMRI for ‘establishing cost-effective methods for testing for ARV resistance and measuring ARV levels in blood and hair samples.’

Currently, Dr. Chohan  is leading a 3-years USAID funded study (2018 – 2021) assessing the HIV drug resistance among PrEP seroconvertors nationally in Kenya. With his research experience and expertise on HIV in Kenya, he has obtained the skills required to continue mentoring junior investigators and students in the field of basic science and research studies from low-middle income countries (LMIC).

• Ph.D in Virology. 2007. University of Washington
• MSc in Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases. 1999. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. University of London
• Higher National Diploma in Medical Microbiology. 1984. Kenya Medical Training Center, Nairobi
• Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology. 1984. Kenya Medical Training Center, Nairobi

1. Chohan BH, Ronen K, Khasimwa B, Matemo, D, Osborn L, Unger JA, Drake AL, Beck IA, Frenkel LM, Kinuthia J, John-Stewart G. Food insecurity, drug resistance and non-disclosure are associated with virologic non-suppression among HIV pregnant women on antiretroviral treatment. August 2021. PLOS ONE.
2. Reilly M, Chohan B. Pooled testing for SARS-CoV-2, options for efficiency at scale. August 2021. Bulletin of the WHO. Policy and practice article.
3. Temu TM, Wagoner J, Masyuko S, O’Connor A, Zifodya JS, Macharia P, Wanjalla CN, Mogaka JN, Chohan B, Omodi VM, Gervassi AL, Oyugi J, Page ST, Farquhar C, Polyak SJ.Central obesity is a contributor to systemic inflammation and monocyte activation in virally suppressed adults with chronic HIV in Kenya. AIDS. 2021 Jun 3. (View).
4. Gopolang F, Zulu-Mwamba F, Nsama D, Kruuner A, Nsofwa D, Kasvosve I, Gomo R, Motlhabane T, Chohan B, Soge O, Osterhage D, Campbell N, Noble M, Downer A, Flandin JF, Nartker A, Koehn C, Nonde LK, Shibemba A, Ndongmo CB, Steinau M, Perrone LA. Improving laboratory quality and capacity through leadership and management training: Lessons from Zambia 2016-2018. Afr J Lab Med. 2021 Apr 30;10(1):1225. (View). eCollection 2021.
5. Monroe-Wise A, Mbogo L, Guthrie B, Bukusi D, Sambai B, Chohan B, Scott J, Cherutich P, Musyoki H, Bosire R, Dunbar M, Macharia P, Masyuko S, Wilkinson E, De Oliveira T, Ludwig-Barron N, Sinkele B, Herbeck J, Farquhar C. Peer-mediated HIV assisted partner services to identify and link to care HIV-positive and HCV-positive people who inject drugs: a cohort study protocol. BMJ Open. 2021 Apr 24;11(4):e041083. (View) PMID: 33895711.

Dr. Mary Inziani Muyeku Matilu is a clinical research scientist at the Center for Virus Research (CVR) at the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI). She heads the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Section, mandated with HPV research and HPV DNA testing for cervical cancer screening.

She is a medical doctor with a Master’s Degree in Pediatrics and Child Health and a second Master’s Degree in Tropical Medicine. Her interests are in clinical medicine (paediatrics), infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases research. She has taught postgraduates in these disciplines. She also has a broad background in virology, with specific training in molecular laboratory methods. Currently, she is involved in the evaluation of SARS-Cov-2 test kits, HIV genotyping, childhood malnutrition research, tuberculosis and diabetes research, proposal development, manuscript development, implementation and administration of research projects, teaching, mentorship and supervision of junior staff.

• M.B., Ch.B., (UoN, 2000), MTM (Nagasaki Univ, 2009)
• M.Med (Pediatrics and Child Health, UoN, 2011).

1. Beatrice Olack, Nicole Santos, Mary Inziani, Vincent Moshi, Polycarp Oyoo, Grace Nalwa, Linet Christopher Ouma Otare, Dilys Walker & Phelgona A. Otieno. “Causes of preterm and low birth weight neonatal mortality in a rural community in Kenya: evidence from verbal and social autopsy”. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 21 536 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-04012-z
2. Grace T Patterson, Dennis Manthi, Finley Osuna, Alfred Muia, Beatrice Olack, Margaret Mbuchi, Omar A Saldarriaga, Linet Ouma, Mary Inziani, Xiaoying Yu, Phelgona Otieno, Peter C Melby. “Environmental, Metabolic, and Inflammatory Factors Converge in the Pathogenesis of Moderate Acute Malnutrition in Children: An Observational Cohort Study”. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2021 Mar 22: tpmd200963. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0963. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33755580
3. Inziani M, Adungo F, Awando J, Kihoro R, Inoue S, Morita K, Obimbo E, Onyango F, Mwau M. “Seroprevalence of Yellow Fever, Dengue, West Nile and Chikungunya Viruses in Children in Teso South Sub County, Western Kenya”, International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2019), (View)
4. Mary Inziani Matilu: “Dengue Fever in Kenya”. The AfSPID BULLETIN, Newsletter of the African Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases, 3^rd Edition January 2015, P11-12
5. David I Ojakaa, Jordan D Jarvis, Mary I Matilu and Sylla Thiam: “Acceptance of a malaria vaccine by caregivers of sick children in Kenya”. Malaria Journal 2014, 13:172 (View).
6. Mary Matilu, Carey Farquhar, Theresa Odero, et al. “Screening for hypertension by Community Health Workers and Effects of SMS technology and written instructions on utilization of healthcare services”. The 13th Asia Pacific Congress of Hypertension (APCH 2017). Singapore. (Abstract and oral presentation) APCH 2017 Delegates’ Abstract. Abstract No: 5308.

Dr. Makau has over 12 years of experience in molecular virology and drug discovery research. She has a strong expertise in design and implementation of cell-based, biochemical and protein assays for drug screening in medium and high-throughput platforms. She is a visiting researcher at Nagasaki University and has ongoing research collaborations with both local and international institutions. She is currently engaged in a career development fellowship funded by the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (TMA2019CDF-2716), whose objective is to develop and validate an in-house phenotypic assay for the isolation of infectious HIV-1 from plasma. She is also working on a one-health research project for the surveillance of human respiratory viruses at human-animal interface in Kenya. She has published numerous publications in international peer-reviewed journals in the fields of computer-aided drug design & discovery, antimicrobial drug resistance, drug discovery from natural products, and the design and development of diagnostic probes. Her work has been presented in both local and international scientific conferences and workshops.

• BSc. Medical Laboratory Science, 2011, Kenyatta University, Kenya
• MSc. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2013, Nagasaki University, Japan
• PhD. Medical Sciences (Infection Research), 2017, Nagasaki University, Japan
• Postdoc, 2020, Nagasaki University, Japan

Certificates and professional trainings

• Certificate in Andragogy and Pedagogy, Kenyatta University
• Diploma in Research and Development of Products to Meet Public Health Needs. Nagasaki University, Japan
• Certificate of training in high throughput screening practices in drug discovery research. Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, USA
• Certificate in biosafety level-3 laboratory training. NUITM-KEMRI project
• Training in next-generation sequencing. NUITM-KEMRI project
• Certificate of training on the Logical Framework Approach. Global Link Management. Inc and Nagasaki University

1. Satoshi Mizuta, Farhana Mosaddeque, Mya Myat Ngwe Tun, Awet Alem Teklemichael, Mayumi Taniguchi, Masashi Hosokawa, Tomoko Yamaguchi, Juliann Nzembi Makau, Nguyen Tien Huy, Shusaku Mizukami, Noriyuki Nishida, Kouichi Morita, Kenji Hirayama. Challenges based on anti-plasmodium falciparum and anti-viral activities of 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline derivatives. ChemMedChem. 2023;
2. Satoshi Mizuta, Hiroki Otaki, Takeshi Ishikawa, Juliann Nzembi Makau, Tomoko Yamaguchi, Hikaru Nono, Ryo Nishi, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Noriyuki Nishida, Ken Watanabe. Lead optimization of influenza virus RNA polymerase inhibitors targeting PA-PB1 interaction. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2022; 65(1):369-385.
3. Juliann Nzembi Makau, Ken Watanabe, Hiroki Otaki, Satoshi Mizuta, Takeshi Ishikawa, Yuji O. Kamatari, Noriyuki Nishida. A quinolinone compound inhibiting the oligomerization of nucleoprotein of influenza A virus prevents the selection of escape mutants. Viruses. 2020; 12(3):E337.
4. Juliann Nzembi Makau, Ayako Kitagawa, Kanami Kitamura, Tomoko Yamaguchi, Satoshi Mizuta. Design and development of an HBT-based ratiometric fluorescent probe to monitor stress-induced premature senescence. ACS Omega, 2020;5(20):11299-11307.
5. Makoto Sumiyoshi, Taiga Miyazaki, Juliann Nzembi Makau, Satoshi Mizuta, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Takeshi Ishikawa, Koichi Makimura, Tatsuro Hirayama, Takahiro Takazono, Tomomi Saijo, Shintaro Shimamura, Kazuko Yamamoto, Yoshifumi Imamura, Koichi Izumikawa, Katsunori Yanagihara, Shigeru Kohno, Hiroshi Mukae Novel and potent antimicrobial effects of caspofungin on drug-resistant Candida and bacteria. Scientific Reports. 2020;10(1):17745.
6. Ratika Rahmasari, Heri Setiawan, Rezi Riadhi Syahdi, Ayun Arifianti, Marina Ika Irianti, Rani Sauriasari, Juliann Nzembi Makau, Muhareva Raekiansyah. SARS-CoV-2: Virology and Drug Repurposing Approaches. Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research. 2020;7 (Special Issue on COVID-19):29-38.
7. Juliann Nzembi Makau, Ken Watanabe, Magdy M.D Mohammed, Noriyuki Nishida. Antiviral activity of peanuts (Arachis hypogea) skin extract against human influenza viruses. Journal of Medicinal Food. 2018; 21(8):777-784.
8. Juliann Nzembi Makau, Ken Watanabe, Takeshi Ishikawa, Satoshi Mizuta, Tsuyoshi Hamada, Nobuyuki Kobayashi, Noriyuki Nishida. Identification of small molecules inhibitors of influenza A virus using in silico and in vitro approaches. PLoS One. 2017; 12(3):e0173582.

Dr. Edith is a Research Scientist, working at the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), with great experience in the field of Medical Virology mainly focusing on Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic fever viruses. She has a special interest in human health, vector biology and factors associated with disease transmission. Dr. Edith is a recipient of several awards and recognitions including the prestigious L’Oréal-UNESCO for Women in Science Sub-Saharan Africa 2015 award, appointed to the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH) Scientific Program committee in 2023 and recently received a recognition for excellence of Women in Vector Control Awards 2023, for outstanding contributions and Exemplary performance in Vector Borne Diseases. She believes in the role of science in the development of practical solutions to mitigate various health problems.

Medical Virology, Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic fever viruses

1. 2024 – to date: Postdoctoral Fellow in Global Infectious Diseases (GID), NIH Fogarty International Center – Yale School of Public Health
2. 2015 – 2020: PhD in Medical Virology – University of Pretoria, South Africa
3. 2011 – 2015: MSc. in Medical Virology – Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
4. 2003 – 2007: BSc. in Biomedical Science and Technology – Egerton University

De. Edith has special interest in viral epidemiology and evolution, vector biology and dynamics of zoonotic disease transmission. Her specific research projects are as listed below:

• Investigation of entomologic risk factors and vaccine seroconversion among the pastoralist communities for Yellow Fever in Isiolo County, Kenya, awarded by KEMRI Internal Research Grants (IRG), June 2023.
• Assessing effects of climate parameters on Anopheles gambiae malaria transmission indices, their potential to transmit viruses and community perceptions across Kenya, awarded by KEMRI Internal Research Grants (IRG), June 2023
• Monitoring circulating and emerging strains of SARS-CoV-2 in Nairobi, Kenya, funded by GeMVi Research Fellowship, Wellcome Trust.
• Enhancing laboratory capacity in assessing the risk of transmission of yellow fever and dengue viruses by Aedes (Stegomyia) mosquitoes in northern Kenya, funded by L’Oréal-UNESCO for Women in Science.
• Assessing the risk of transmission of yellow fever and dengue viruses by Aedes (Stegomyia) mosquito populations in Northern Kenya, funded under the NIH project grant to icipe.
• Vector competence of Aedes aegypti populations from Kilifi and Nairobi for dengue-2 virus and the influence of temperature, funded under the AVID/google grant to icipe.

1. Limoh BK., Tchouassi DP., Chepkorir E., Musimbi B., Ongus J., Sang R., “Vector Competence of a Coastal Population of Aedes aegypti for Dengue 2 and 3 Virus Serotypes in Kenya”, Biomed Research International, 2023, Article ID 8402682, 11 pages, 2023.
2. Sang R, Lutomiah J, Chepkorir E, Tchouassi DP. Evolving dynamics of Aedes-borne diseases in Africa: A cause for concern. Current Opinion in Insect Science. 2022, Jul 22:100958.
3. Mutisya J, Kahato M, Mulwa F, Langat S, Chepkorir E, et al. Evaluating the vector competence of Aedes simpsoni sl from Kenyan coast for Ngari and Bunyamwera viruses. PLOS ONE, 2021, 16(7): e0253955.
4. Lutomiah, J., Mulwa, F., Mutisya, J., Koskei, E., Langat, S., Nyunja, A., Koka, H., Konongoi, S., Chepkorir, E., Ofula, V., Owaka, S., Eyase, F., & Sang, R. Probable contribution of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes to the circulation of chikungunya virus during an outbreak in Mombasa County, Kenya, 2017-2018. Parasites & vectors. 2021, 14(1), 138.
5. Kimata Y, Borus P, Nzunza R, Ofula V, Chepkorir E, Waihenya R, Sang R. Serological evidence of chikungunya virus infection among suspected measles cases in selected regions of Kenya: 2008-2014. Vector-borne zoonotic dis. 2020, 20(12):903-909.
6. Tigoi C, Sang R, Chepkorir E, Orindi B, Arum SO, Mulwa F, Mosomtai G, Limbaso S, Hassan O. A, Irura Z, Ahlm C, Evander M. High risk for human exposure to Rift Valley fever virus in communities living along livestock movement routes: A cross-sectional survey in Kenya. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2020, 14(2): e0007979.
7. Chepkorir, D. P. Tchouassi, S. L. Konongoi, J. Lutomiah, C. Tigoi, Z. Irura, F. Eyase, M. Venter, R. Sang. Serological evidence of Flavivirus circulation in human populations in Northern Kenya: an assessment of disease risk 2016–2017. Virology Journal, 2019, 16:65
8. Tchouassi DP, Marklewitz M, Chepkorir E, Zirkel F, Agha SB, Tigoi CC, Koskei E., Drosten C., Borgemeister C., Torto B., Junglen S. and Sang R. Sand fly–associated phlebovirus with evidence of neutralizing antibodies in humans, Kenya. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2019, 25: 681–690.
9. Ogola EO, Chepkorir E, Sang R, Tchouassi DP. A previously unreported potential malaria vector in a dry ecology of Kenya. Parasites and Vectors. 2019, 12(1):80.
10. Mulwa F, Lutomiah J, Chepkorir E, Okello S, Eyase F, Tigoi C, Kahato M, Sang R. Vector competence of Aedes bromeliae and Aedes vitattus mosquito populations from Kenya for chikungunya virus. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2018, 12(10): e0006746.

• https://artmatters.info/2015/12/kenyan-among-recipients-of-loreal-unescos-fellowships-for-african-women-scientists/
• http://www.icipe.org/news/awards-and-recognition/icipe-honours-2015
• https://africasustainabilitymatters.com/scientist-find-deadly-zika-virus-in-west-pokot-county/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0yeXqjukkjI

Dr Muriuki has worked at the Centre for virus research since year 2002. His interest has been on research that aims to respond to the main health challenges of the day. He has focused mainly on areas touching on anti-viral drug resistance HIV phenotypic studies unconventional viral therapies as well as bio prospecting for compounds with anti- cancer properties. The aim is to come up with several pure natural product-based and synthetic compounds with novel mechanisms of action as anti-viral and anti-cancer therapies. His studies on the characterization of HIV have served to show that the virus diversity is not only in the gene level but also on the phenotype with implication on treatment and spread. This calls for constantly monitoring these changes and determine the impact these changes have on the capacity of the virus to cause disease in the population.

• PhD.Medical Virology
• MSc. Infectious Diseases Diagnosis
• BSc. MLS

1. Grace Uwanyagasani Edinah Songoro , Joseph Ndacyayisenga Joseph Muriuki . In vitro activity of various Kenyan tea extracts against HeLa human cervical cancer cell line and molecular docking of tea catechins on high-risk HPV16E6 protein. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked  44(2024):101420 DOI: 1016/j.imu.2023.101420
2. Terefe Faith Apolot Okalebo Solomon Derese Gaber El-Saber Batiha Amal Youssef Mohammed Alorabi and Joseph Muriuki. Cytotoxicity and anti-HIV activities of extracts of the twigs of Croton dichogamus Pax Ermias Mergia BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2022) 22:49 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-022-03532-21)
3. Terefe EM, Okalebo FA, Derese S, Muriuki J, Mas-Claret E, Langat MK. Anti-HIV crotocascarin ω from Kenyan Croton dichogamus. 2023 Nat Prod Res https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14786419.2022.
4. Incidences and factors associated with viral suppression or rebound among HIV patients on combination antiretroviral therapy from three counties in Kenya EK Maina, H Mureithi, AA Adan, J Muriuki, RM Lwembe, EA Bukusi. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 97, 151-158 2020
5. Joseph Muriuki, Grace Uwanyagasani, Edward Maina, Beatrice Irungu, Samuel Khamadi, Raphael Lwembe, Asma Adan, Shadrack Barmasai, Joseph Ndacyayisenga, Assessing the antiproliferative properties of various teas against the DU-145 prostate cancer cell line: A combined in vitro and in silico investigation, Phytomedicine Plus, Volume 4, Issue 4, 2024, 100667, ISSN 2667-0313.
6. Gati JM, Terefe EM, Okanya P, Bargul J, Muriuki J. Evaluation of Anticancer Activity of Solvent Fractions of Croton megalocarpus Against Human Cervical Adenocarcinoma Cell Line (HeLa). Natural Product Communications. 2025;20(3). doi:10.1177/1934578X251328931

Victor Ofula is a Senior Research Scientist working with Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI). Victor works in Arboviruses/Viral Hemorrhagic Fever laboratory within the Centre for Virus Research, based in Nairobi. He has a background in Biomedical Sciences, Community Health and Development, Laboratory Management and Epidemiology and PhD(C) in Epidemiology (Molecular Epidemiology of Dengue virus). Victor has been in the field of research for over 20 years.

Apart from arboviruses and viral Hemorrhagic fevers he has also worked on respiratory viruses and played a big role in setting up surveillance sites across the country for influenza studies. Victor plays a key role in outbreak investigations in the country and occasionally in the region. He has additional training in Biosafety and Biosecurity, he has a lot of passion in Biosafety and Biosecurity in work place. He has been involved in training of different healthcare workers on Biosafety and Biosecurity matters both in and outside the country. He has mentored many young and upcoming scientists in KEMRI especially in the Arbovirology/VHF department.

Victor has also consulted for WHO in Botswana (SARS-CoV-2 surveillance and Biosafety/Biosecurity) and ASM in Sierra Leone on Biosafety and Biosecurity matters.

Projects ongoing:

• Mitigating the risk of vector-borne diseases in Northern Kenya- DTRA funded
• Spill-over Risk Assessment and Surveillance of Infectious Bat-borne viruses of public health concern in Kenya (SORASIB)-NRF funded

• PhD (C). Epidemiology (Molecular Epidemiology-Dengue virus)
• MSc. Community Health/Epidemiology
• Dip and HND. Medical laboratory Sciences

1. Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG and COVID-19 vaccine uptake in healthy volunteers in Nairobi, Kenya: a cross-sectional study. Otindo Agnes, Ndombi Eric, Theuri Martin, Muturi Margaret, Thamaini Peris, Ogutu James, Onsongo Lister, Madete June, Ofula Victor, Gitau Samuel, Mwangi Gladys,  Okemo, Paul; https://doi.org/10.3389/fviro.2024.1479645
2. Detection and prevalence of a novel Bandavirus related to Guertu virus in Amblyomma gemma ticks and human populations in Isiolo County, Kenya. Koka Hellen, Langat Solomon, Oyola Samuel, Cherop Faith, Rotich Gilbert, Mutisya James, Ofula Victor, Konongoi Limbaso, Ongus Juliette, Lutomiah Joel, Sang Rosemary; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310862
3. Clinical characteristics, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers, and inflammatory markers in individuals with post-COVID-19 condition in Kenya: a cross-sectional study. Theuri Martin, Ndombi Eric, Thamaini Peris, Ogutu James, Onsongo Lister, Madete June, Ofula Victor, Gitau Samuel, Mwangi Gladys, Okemo Paul. DO – 10.7717/peerj.17723
4. History of Arbovirus Research in Kenya. (Book chapter). Maria, Gorreti Onyango; Victor, Ofula; Jandouwe, Villinger; LaBeaud, A. Desiree; Segenet, Kelemu; Rosemary, Sang; Joel, Lutomiah. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12562/1914.
5. Probable contribution of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes to the circulation of chikungunya virus during an outbreak in Mombasa County, Kenya, 2017–2018. Joel Lutomiah, Francis Mulwa, James Mutisya, Edith Koskei, Solomon Langat, Albert Nyunja, Hellen Koka, Samson Konongoi, Edith Chepkorir, Victor Ofula, Samuel Owaka, Fredrick Eyase, and Rosemary Sang. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04632-6
6. Emergence of a novel chikungunya virus strain bearing the E1:V80A substitution, out of the Mombasa, Kenya 2017-2018 outbreak. Fredrick Eyase, Solomon Langat, Irina Maljkovic Berry, Francis Mulwa, Albert Nyunja, James Mutisya, Samuel Owaka, Samson Limbaso, Victor Ofula, Hellen Koka, Edith Koskei, Joel Lutomiah, Richard G. Jarman, Rosemary Sang. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0241754

Albert Nyunja is a Research Scientist at the Abovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fever laboratory at the Centre for Virus Research. Albert believes that conducting health research on viruses of medical importance is not only a fundamental part of improving healthcare, but is also a building block that enhances Kenya’s preparedness to meet emerging and re-emerging viral disease threats.

• BSc. In Biomedical Science with Information Technology (Medical Biotechnology Option)

1. Genome sequence analysis of the first mpox virus detected in Kenya. S. Langat, L. Konongoi, S. Khamadi, A. Nyunja, G. Pilarowski, E. Wandera, V. Ofula, P. Oluniyi, H. Koka, E. Koskei, S. Owaka, B. Chelangat, F. Mulwa, J. Mutisya, E. Chepkorir, J. Lutomiah, D. Langat, P. Amoth, E. Songok. Aug 2024. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.20.608891
2. Whole-genome sequence analysis reveals the circulation of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in Nairobi and neighbouring counties, Kenya between March and July 2021. S. Khamadi, S. Mukunzi, S. Symerkher, S. Limbaso, S. Langat, J. Cirindi, M. Mwangi, N. Mikwabe, S. Okeyo, E. Koskei, J. Mutisya, S. Owaka, A. Nyunja, H. Koka, M. Wadegu, E. Chitechi, R. Achilla, J. Majanja, L. Kanyara, E. Amukoye, W. Bulimo. Nov 2022.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-022-01895-y
3. Evidence of circulation of Orthobunyaviruses in diverse mosquito species in Kwale County, Kenya. Auther: H. Koka, J. Lutomiah, S. Langat, A. Nyunja, J. Mutisya, F. Mulwa, S. Owaka, V. Ofula, L. Konongoi, F. Eyase, R. Sang. Oct 2021. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-021-01670-5
4. Probable contribution of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes to the circulation of chikungunya virus during an outbreak in Mombasa County, Kenya, 2017–2018. Authers: J. Lutomiah, F. Mulwa, J. Mutisya, E. Koskei, S. Langat, A. Nyunja, H. Koka, S. Konongoi, E. Chepkorir, V. Ofula, S. Owaka, F. Eyase & R. Sang. March 2021. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04632-6
5. Emergence of a novel chikungunya virus strain bearing the E1:V80A substitution, out of the Mombasa, Kenya 2017-2018 outbreak. Authers: F. Eyase , S. Langat, I. Maljkovic Berry, F. Mulwa, A. Nyunja, J. Mutisya, S. Owaka, S. Limbaso, V. Ofula, H. Koka, E. Koskei, J. Lutomiah, R. Jarman, R. Sang. November 2020. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241754
6. Origin and evolution of dengue virus type 2 causing outbreaks in Kenya: Evidence of circulation of two cosmopolitan genotype lineages. Solomon K Langat, Fredrick Lunyagi Eyase, Irina Maljkovic Berry, A. Nyunja, Wallace Bulimo, Samuel Owaka, Victor Ofula, Samson Limbaso, Joel Lutomiah, Richard Jarman, John Distelhorst, Rosemary C Sang. January 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/veaa026

Ms. Olungae is a Biomedical researcher with experience in basic research and developing a career trajectory towards applied research

• BSc Biomedical Technology
• MSc Molecular Biology

Trainings:

• Leadership and Management in Health
• Introduction to Epidemiology for Global Health
• REDCap Data Managing
• Biorisk Management Trainer Development
• Good Clinical Laboratory Practice
• Shipping of Infectious Substance Trainer

• Evaluating the implementation of Kenya education sector HIV&AIDS policy and its effects on school going, adolescents.
• Diabetes Mellitus and Latent Tuberculosis among HIV infected patients attending comprehensive care clinics in Nairobi, Kenya.
• Innovations for missed opportunities in National Health Programming for Prevention, Testing and Monitoring of viral infections [HIV, HBV & HCV] in Kenya.

 

HIV-1 Drug-Resistance and its Impact on Anti-Retroviral Treatment in Newly Diagnosed Infants Attending Selected Health Facilities in Kenya.

1. “Friendly reminder: hi! It is that time again”: understanding PMTCT care text message design preferences amongst pre and post-partum women and their male partners Natabhona M. Mabachi, Melinda Brown1, Catherine Wexler, Kathy Goggin, May Maloba, Dama Olungae, Brad Gautney and Sarah Finocchario-Kessler
2. If you text them, they will come: Using the HIV Infant Tracking System (HITSystem©) to improve early infant diagnosis quality and retention in Kenya. Finocchario-Kessler S., Gautney B., Khamadi S., Okoth V., Goggin K., Spinler J., Mwangi A., Kimanga D., Clark K., Olungae H., Preidis G. AIDS. 2014 Jul;28 Suppl 3: S313-21.
3. Sero-Mapping of HBV, HCV, HSV2 and Syphilis across Regions in Kenya Mwangi Joseph, Solomon Mpoke, Dama Olungae, Rency Lel, Zipporah Ng’anga.Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare Vol 9, No 12 (2019).

Mr. Nyangao works on Rotaviruses, Polioviruses and Electron Microscopy

Master of Science, Virologist

• Feasibility of the Bag‑Mediated Filtration System for Environmental Surveillance of Poliovirus in Kenya
  Nicolette A. Zhou1 · Christine S. Fagnant‑Sperati1 · Evans Komen2 · Benlick Mwangi2 · Johnstone Mukubi2 · James Nyangao2 · Joanne Hassan2 · Agnes Chepkurui2 · Caroline Maina3 · Walda B. van Zyl4 · Peter N. Matsapola4 · Marianne Wolfaardt4 · Fhatuwani B. Ngwana4 · Stacey Jeffries‑Miles5 · Angela Coulliette‑Salmond6 · Silvia Peñaranda6 · Jeffry H. Shirai1 · Alexandra L. Kossik1 · Nicola K. Beck1 · Robyn Wilmouth7 · David S. Boyle7 · Cara C. Burns6 · Maureen B. Taylor4 · Peter Borus2 · John Scott Meschke

Food and Environmental Virology (2020) 12:35–47 (View)

• Rotavirus prevalence and seasonal distribution post vaccine introduction in Nairobi County Kenya

Joshua Gikonyo,^1,& Betty Mbatia,² Patrick Okanya,¹ George Obiero,¹ Carlene Sang,³ and James Nyangao³

Pan Afr Med J. 2019; 33: 269.

Published online 2019 Jul 29. doi: (View)

• Detection of potentially pathogenic enteric virusesin environmental samples from Kenya using the bag-mediated filtration system
  Walda B. van Zyl, Nicolette A. Zhou, Marianne Wolfaardt,  Peter N. Matsapola, Fhatuwani B. Ngwana, Erin M. Symonds, Christine S. Fagnant-Sperati, Jeffry H. Shirai, Alexandra L. Kossik, Nicola K. Beck, Evans Komen, Benlick Mwangi, James Nyangao, David S. Boyle, Peter Borus, Maureen B. Taylor and J. Scott Meschke

Water Supply (2019) 19 (6): 1668–1676.

• Post-vaccine rotavirus genotype distribution in Nairobi County, Kenya

Joshua Ndungâ u Gikonyoa,â, Betty Mbatia, Patrick W. Okanyaa, George F.O. Obieroa,Carlene Sangc, Duncan Steeled, James Nyangao Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Technical University of Kenya (TU-K), PO Box 52428-00200, Nairobi, Kenya School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University (USIU) â Africa, PO Box 14634-00800, Nairobi, Kenyac Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), PO Box 43640-00100, Nairobi, Kenya Enteric and Diarrhoeal Diseases, Global Health Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation PO Box 23350, Seattle, WA98102, USA

International Journal of Infectious Diseases 100 (2020) 434–440

• Genomic characterization of uncommon human G3P [6] rotavirus strains that have emerged in Kenya after rotavirus vaccine introduction, and pre-vaccine human G8P [4] rotavirus strains

Author links open overlay panel Ernest Apondi Wandera^a Satoshi Komoto^b

ShahMohammad^aTomihikoIde^bMartinBundi^cJamesNyangao^dCyrusKathiiko^aErickOdoyo^aAminaGalata^aGabrielMiring’u^aSaoriFukuda^bRionaHatazawa^bTakayukiMurata^bKokiTaniguchi^bYoshioIchinose^a

Infection, Genetics and Evolution  Volume 68, March 2019, Pages 231-248

 

• Molecular Epidemiology of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Central Kenya Before Vaccine Introduction, 2009–2014

Ernest A. Wandera,1 Shah Mohammad,1Satoshi Komoto,2 Yoshimasa Maeno,2 James Nyangao,3 Tomihiko Ide,2 Cyrus Kathiiko,1 Erick Odoyo,1 Takao Tsuji,4 Koki Taniguchi,2 and Yoshio Ichinose1

1 Institute of Tropical Medicine, Center for Microbiology Research, KEMRI, KEMRI-Nagasaki University, Nairobi, Kenya

2 Department of Virology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan

3 Centre for Virus Research, KEMRI, Nairobi, Kenya

4 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan

Edith Chepkirui  is a research Scientist at the Viral Haemorrhagic Fever Laboratory, Center for Virus Research (CVR). She has a wide range of experience doing Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers and Arbovirus Surveillance work. Her main focus is on mosquitoes, ticks, sand-flies, cullicoides and biting midges, where she does analysis of vector and human samples from surveillance and suspect outbreak sites locally and regionally for arboviruses and Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers. Her work involves the application of Cell culture, Molecular, Serological techniques. She is also involved in responding to various outbreaks including Dengue, Yellow Fever, Chikungunya, Rift Valley Fever, Ebola etc.

Additionally, she is the Quality Assurance/Quality Control in charge at Viral Haemorrhagic Fever laboratory where she is responsible for Good Laboratory Practices and Lab Safety to ensure compliance with ISO 9001: 2015 and ISO 15189 ;2022 standards.

She is also the CVR Centre Scientific Committee secretary.

• BSc. Medical Microbiology (JKUAT)
• Ongoing MSc. Medical Virology (JKUAT-KGS)

1. Genomic sequence analysis of the first mpox virus detected in Kenya Solomon K. Langat, Konongoi Limbaso, Samoel Khamadi, Albert Nyunja, Genay Pilarowski, Emmanuel Okunga, Victor Ofula, Paul Oluniyi, Hellen Koka, Edith Koskei, Samuel Owaka, Betty Chelangat, Francis Mulwa, James Mutisya, Edith Chepkorir, Joel Lutomiah, Daniel Langat , Patrick Amoth , Elijah Songok August 2024 bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) Published on 22 Aug 2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.20.608891
2. Isolation and characterisation of sand-fly-borne arboviruses from Phlebotomine sandflies sampled from North-Rift Kenya Edith Koskei, Solomon Langat, James Mutisya, Francis Mulwa, Joel Lutomiah, Hellen Koka, Samuel O. Oyola, Rebecca Waihenya, Sepha N. Mabeya, Rosemary Sang: May 2024 Frontiers in Virology 4:1289258 https://doi.org/10.3389/fviro.2024.1289258
3. Whole-genome sequence analysis reveals the circulation of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in Nairobi and neighboring counties, Kenya between March and July 2021.Samoel Ashimosi Khamadi, Silvanos Opanda, Samwel Lifumo Symekher, Samson Konongoi Limbaso, Solomon Langat, Josyline Kaburi Cirindi, Milkah Mwangi, Nicholas Mwikwabe, Seth Okeyo, Edith Koskei, James Mutisya, Samwel Owaka, Albert Nyunja, Hellen Koka, Meshack Wadegu, Esther Chitechi, Rachel Achilla, Janet Masitsa Majanja, Lucy Kanyara, Evans Amukoye & Wallace Bulimo Virology Journal Volume 19, Article number: 178 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-022-01895-y
4. Probable contribution of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes to the circulation of Chikungunya virus during an outbreak in Mombasa County, Kenya, 2017–2018 Joel Lutomiah, Francis Mulwa, James Mutisya, Edith Koskei, Solomon Langat, Albert Nyunja, Hellen Koka, Samson Konongoi, Edith Chepkorir, Victor Ofula, Samuel Owaka, Fredrick Eyase and Rosemary Sang: Parasites Vectors (2021) 14:138 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04632-6
5. Evidence of circulation of Orthobunyaviruses in diverse mosquito species in Kwale County, Kenya Hellen Koka, Joel Lutomiah, Solomon Langat, Edith Koskei, Albert Nyunja, James Mutisya, Francis Mulwa, Samuel Owaka, Victor Ofula, Samson Konongoi, Fredrick Eyase and Rosemary Sang: Virol J (2021) 18:204 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-021-01670-5
6. Sand Fly–Associated Phlebovirus with Evidence of Neutralizing Antibodies in Humans, Kenya: David P. Tchouassi, Marco Marklewitz, Edith Chepkorir, Florian Zirkel, Sheila B. Agha, Caroline C. Tigoi, Edith Koskei, Christian Drosten, Christian Borgemeister, Baldwyn Torto, Sandra Junglen, Rosemary Sang, Emerging infectious diseases 01 Apr 2019 https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2504.180750

Mr. Owaka is a research scientist, in the field of arboviruses with over 14 years of experience, working with The U.S Army Medical Research Directorate-Kenya (USAMRD-K), Washington State University (WSU) and Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI).He is well trained in the area of arbovirus laboratory analysis, specifically serological assays. I am the Lead Serology staff member in the Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHF) laboratory, Centre for Virus Research (CVR).  Mr. Owaka takes charge in routine sample testing from different health facilities for purposes of arbovirus surveillance.

In addition, Mr. Owaka is actively involved in outbreak response. He responded to 2011-2013 and 2017 Dengue outbreak, 2016 Chikungunya outbreak, RVF, 2022 YF outbreak and was actively involved in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic.

He is well-equipped with GIS skills, development of study and vector maps for students/scientists developing manuscripts, abstracts for conference/workshop presentations.

Mr. Owaka supports collaborators in laboratory assays, verification and validation of various study kits. He is equipped with vector collection skills in entomological surveillance and has embarked on numerous field excursions. Moreover, Mr. Owaka trains interns, volunteers and MSc students on different laboratory aspects.

Additionally, Mr. Owaka oversee the management of consumables, reagents and supplies in VHF laboratory.

• Bsc in Medical Microbiology

1. Combining Morphological and Molecular Tools Can Enhance Tick Species Identification for Improved Tick-Borne Disease Surveillance Among Pastoral Communities in Kenya. Hellen Koka 1, 2, Solomon Langat 1, Francis Mulwa 1, James Mutisya 1, Samuel Owaka 1,          Millicent Sifuna 3, Juliette R Ongus 2, Joel Lutomiah 1, Rosemary Sang 4.

2. Genomic sequence analysis of the first mpox virus detected in Kenya. Solomon K. Langat1,†, Konongoi Limbaso1,†, Samoel Khamadi1, Albert Nyunja1, GenayPilarowski2, Emmanuel Okunga3, Victor Ofula1, Paul Oluniyi2, Hellen Koka1, Edith Koskei1,Samuel Owaka1, Betty Chelangat1, Francis Mulwa1, James Mutisya1, Edith Chepkorir1, JoelLutomiah1, Daniel Langat3, Patrick Amoth4, Elijah Songok1.

3. Near-Complete SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among Rural and Urban Kenyans despite Significant Vaccine Hesitancy and Refusal. Carolyne Nasimiyu 1,2,3,* , Isaac Ngere 1,2, Jeanette Dawa 1,2, Patrick Amoth 4, Ouma Oluga 5, Carol Ngunu 5, Harriet Mirieri 1,2, John Gachohi 1,2,6 , Moshe Dayan 1,2, Nzisa Liku 1,2, Ruth Njoroge 1,2, Raymond Odinoh 1,2, Samuel Owaka 7, Samoel A. Khamadi 7, Samson L. Konongoi 7, Sudi Galo 8, Linet Elamenya 8, Marianne Mureithi 3, Omu Anzala 3, Robert Breiman 9, Eric Osoro 1,2 and M. Kariuki Njenga.

4. Isolation and phylogenetic characterization of arboviruses circulating among phlebotomine sandflies in parts of North Rift, Kenya. Edith Koskei1, 2*Solomon Langat1 James Mutisya1 Francis Mulwa1 Joel Lutomiah1     Hellen Koka1 Samuel Owaka1. Oyola3 Rebecca Waihenya2 Sepha N. Mabeya2 Rosemary Sang1, 4.

5. Evidence of circulation of Orthobunyaviruses in diverse mosquito species in Kwale County, Kenya. Hellen Koka1*, Joel Lutomiah1, Solomon Langat1, Edith Koskei1, Albert Nyunja1, James Mutisya1, Francis Mulwa1, Samuel Owaka1, Victor Ofula1, Samson Konongoi1, Fredrick Eyase2 and Rosemary Sang1.

6. Probable contribution of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes to the circulation of chikungunya virus during an outbreak in Mombasa County, Kenya, 2017–2018. Joel Lutomiah1*, Francis Mulwa1, James Mutisya1, Edith Koskei1, Solomon Langat2, Albert Nyunja1,Hellen Koka1, Samson Konongoi1, Edith Chepkorir1, Victor Ofula1, Samuel Owaka1, Fredrick Eyase2,3 Rosemary Sang1

7. Emergence of a novel chikungunya virus strain bearing the E1:V80A substitution, out of the Mombasa, Kenya 2017-2018 outbreak. Fredrick EyaseID1,2,3*, Solomon Langat1, Irina Maljkovic Berry4, Francis Mulwa1,Albert Nyunja1, James Mutisya1, Samuel Owaka1, Samson Limbaso1,2, Victor Ofula1,Hellen Koka1, Edith Koskei1, Joel Lutomiah1,2, Richard G. Jarman4, Rosemary Sang1,2.

8. Origin and evolution of dengue virus type 2 causing outbreaks in Kenya: Evidence of circulation of two cosmopolitan genotype lineages. Solomon K. Langat,1,*,†,‡ Fredrick Lunyagi Eyase,1,2,† Irina Maljkovic Berry,3Albert Nyunja,1 Wallace Bulimo,1,4 Samuel Owaka,1 Victor Ofula,1Samson Limbaso,1,5 Joel Lutomiah,1,5 Richard Jarman,3 John Distelhorst,1 Rosemary C. Sang1,5.

9. Human and entomologic investigations of chikungunya outbreak in Mandera, North eastern Kenya, 2016. Samson Limbaso Konongoi1, 2*, Albert Nyunja2, Victor Ofula2, Samuel Owaka2, Hellen Koka2, Edith Koskei2, Fredrick Eyase2, 3, Daniel Langat4, James Mancuso2, Joel Lutomiah1, 2, Rosemary Sang1, 2.

10. Effects of Irrigation and Rainfall on the Population Dynamics of Rift Valley Fever and Other Arbovirus Mosquito Vectors in the Epidemic-Prone Tana River County, Kenya.

Mrs Lucy Kanyara has 23 years in Laboratory work experience.

She has been engaged in Research areas as listed below.

• HIV and TB
• HIV and COVID 19 Clinical trials
• Disease surveillance

• MA Community Care HIV&AIDs

1. Risk Factors Associated with Antiretroviral Therapy Failure and Acquiring Drug Resistance Mutations among HIV-1 Adult Patients on ART–Results from a Nationwide Cross-Sectional HIV Drug Resistance Survey in Kenya. ASLM 2014. Guoqing Zhang¹, Lucy Nganga², Joshua DeVos¹, Evelyn Ngugi²,Francesca Odhiambo³, Irene Mukui⁴, Abraham Katana², LucyKanyara⁵, Elliot Raizes¹, Chunfu Yang¹
2. Zika Virus Screening in the Kenyan Olympic Team Attending the 2016 Olympic Games in Brazil: Open Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2018, 8, 183-187. John N. Waitumbi1*, Neha Buddhdev¹, George Awinda¹, Lucy Kanyara², Zephania Irura²,  Victor Ofula², Limbaso Konongoi², Rosemary Sang²

Mrs. Musenjeri is a Research Scientist based at the Centre of Research Virus Research, KEMRI. She has over seven years of work experience in diagnostics (carrying out Early Infant Diagnosis program/viral load testing) at the Kenya Laboratory for Molecular Biology, KEMRI.

Mrs. Musenjeri’s research interests revolve around virology especially, HPV and biosafety as well as biosecurity.

• Bsc. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Jomo Kenyatta University of Science and Technology)
• MSc. Epidemiology (Jomo Kenyatta University of Science and Technology)

• Factors Affecting Adherence to Treatment of HIV in Exposed Infants in Mumias Region, Western Kenya (View)

Mr. Mulwa is a Research Scientist specializing in arboviruses with over 15 years of experience working with esteemed institutions such as the International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), The Walter Reed Project (WRP), and the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI). His expertise lies in laboratory analysis and fieldwork related to arboviruses. Mr. Mulwa is highly skilled in entomology, particularly concerning arbovirus vectors, with experience in mosquito, sandfly, and tick-borne arbovirus surveillance, vector identification, mosquito rearing, and vector competence studies. He also completed several specialized trainings in Arbovirology and vector sampling.

In his role, Mr. Mulwa manages project implementation, conducts laboratory analyses, supervises students, and maintain a productive and efficient work environment. In addition, he coordinated and contributed to the entomological risk assessment for Yellow Fever (YF) in Kenya in 2013 and participated in the entomological investigations and response efforts for several outbreaks, including the 2006-2007 Rift Valley Fever (RVF) outbreak in northeastern Kenya, the 2011-2013 and 2017 dengue outbreaks in Mombasa, and the 2016 chikungunya outbreak in Mandera.

As a member of KEMRI’s entomology laboratory, he brings strong communication skills, a collaborative approach, and the ability to work independently with minimal supervision.

• BSc. Applied biology
• MSc. Medical parasitology and entomology
• PhD.  In Entomology-Ongoing

1. Genomic sequence analysis of the first mpox virus detected in Kenya Solomon K. Langat1,†, Konongoi Limbaso1,†, Samoel Khamadi1, Albert Nyunja1, Genay Pilarowski2, Emmanuel Okunga3, Victor Ofula1, Paul Oluniyi2, Hellen Koka1, Edith Koskei1, Samuel Owaka1, Betty Chelangat1, Francis Mulwa1, James Mutisya1, Edith Chepkorir1, Joel Lutomiah1, Daniel Langat3, Patrick Amoth4, Elijah Songok1.

2. Combining Morphological and Molecular Tools Can Enhance Tick Species Identification for Improved Tick-Borne Disease Surveillance Among Pastoral Communities in Kenya. Hellen Koka 1 2, Solomon Langat 1, Francis Mulwa 1, James Mutisya 1, Samuel Owaka 1,   Millicent Sifuna 3, Juliette R Ongus 2, Joel Lutomiah 1, Rosemary Sang 4

3. Characterization of West Nile virus Koutango lineage fromPhlebotomine Sandflies in Kenya 2021. Jane Wambui Thiiru1, 2, 3, Solomon Langat3, Francis Mulwa3, Stephanie Cinkovich4, Hellen Koka3,Santos   Yalwala2,   Samoel   Khamadi3,   Justus   Onguso1,  Nicholas   Odemba2,   Francis   Ngere2,   JareeJohnson5, Timothy Egbo2, Eric Garges2, Elly Ojwang2, Fredrick Eyase2,3

4. Isolation and Growth Kinetics of Bogoria Virus from Phlebotomine Sandflies Sampled in Baringo, Kenya Thiiru, J.W.; Langat, S.; Mulwa, F.; Cinkovich, S.; Koka, H.; Yalwala, S.; Khamadi, S.; Onguso, J.; Odemba, N.; Ngere, F.; Johnson, J.; Egbo, T.; Garges, E.; Ojwang, E.; Eyase, F.

5. Isolation and phylogenetic characterization of arboviruses circulating among phlebotomine sandflies in parts of North Rift, Kenya. Edith Koskei1,2* Solomon Langat1 James Mutisya1 Francis Mulwa1 Joel Lutomiah1 Hellen Koka1 Samuel O. Oyola3 Rebecca Waihenya2 Sepha N. Mabeya2 Rosemary Sang1,4

6. Genetic variability and vector competence of Aedes aegypti populations from Kisumu and Busia Counties, Western Kenya, for Chikungunya and Zika viruses. Victor O. Anyango1¶*, 2, Solomon Langat2*, Francis Mulwa2, James Mutisya2, Hellen  Koka2, 4Collins Okoyo2*, Edith Chepkorir2, Samson Konongoi2, Anncarol Karanja1, Glennah Kerubo1, 5Rosemary Sang3¶, Joel Lutomiah2

Link to publications: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francis-Mulwa

Mr. Mutisya is a Research Scientist specializing in arboviruses with over 15 years of experience. He has worked with reputable institutions like Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) and the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI).He is a Entomology arbovirologist who is certified vector Taxonomist from the University of Florida, USA. Mr. Mutisya is immensely experienced in Laboratory procedures and  analysis and fieldwork related to arboviruses. In addition, he is highly skilled in entomology, particularly concerning arbovirus vectors, with experience in mosquito, sandfly, and tick-borne arbovirus surveillance, vector identification, mosquito rearing, and vector competence studies.

At his capacity, Mr. Mutisya coordinates several projects in the Viral Hemorrhagic Laboratory (VHF) Entomology component. He has participated in several outbreaks from the RVF outbreak in 2006-2007, Dengue outbreak in Mombasa, 2013, Chikungunya outbreak in the year 2016 in Mandera, thereafter we having an active outbreaks of Chikungunya and Dengue in the coast from 2016 to date, Yellow Fever (YF) in Isiolo county. He has been in the fore front in coordinating entomological arbovirus surveillance in the country from the year 2008 upto date.

As an authority in arbovirus entomologist and a member of the Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Mr. Mutisya brings forth strong communication skills, a collaborative approach, and the ability to work independently with minimal supervision. This is in line with the support of the KEMRI Vision and Mission.

• BSc. Applied biology
• MSc. Medical parasitology and entomology

1. Isolation and phylogenetic characterization of arboviruses circulating among phlebotomine sandflies in parts of North Rift, Kenya. Edith Koskei1,2* Solomon Langat1 James Mutisya1 Francis Mulwa1 Joel Lutomiah1 Hellen Koka1 Samuel O. Oyola3 Rebecca Waihenya2 Sepha N. Mabeya2 Rosemary Sang1,4

2. Genetic variability and vector competence of Aedes aegypti populations from Kisumu and Busia Counties, Western Kenya, for Chikungunya and Zika viruses. Victor O. Anyango1¶*, 2, Solomon Langat2*, Francis Mulwa2, James Mutisya2, Hellen Koka2, 4Collins Okoyo2*, Edith Chepkorir2, Samson Konongoi2, Anncarol Karanja1, Glennah Kerubo1, 5Rosemary Sang3¶, Joel Lutomiah2

3. Evaluating the vector competence of Aedes simpsoni sl from Kenyan coast for Ngari andBunyamwera viruses. James MutisyaID1,2*, Michael Kahato2, Francis Mulwa1, Solomon Langat1,Edith Chepkorir1, Samuel Arum1, David Tchouassi3, Rosemary Sang1, Joel Lutomiah1

4. Evidence of circulation of Orthobunyaviruses in diverse mosquito species in Kwale County, Kenya. Hellen Koka1* , Joel Lutomiah1, Solomon Langat1, Edith Koskei1, Albert Nyunja1, James Mutisya1, Francis Mulwa1, Samuel Owaka1, Victor Ofula1, Samson Konongoi1, Fredrick Eyase2 and Rosemary Sang1
5. Probable contribution of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes to the circulation of chikungunya virus during an outbreak in Mombasa County, Kenya, 2017–2018. Joel Lutomiah1*, Francis Mulwa1, James Mutisya1, Edith Koskei1, Solomon Langat2, Albert Nyunja1, Hellen Koka1, Samson Konongoi1, Edith Chepkorir1, Victor Ofula1, Samuel Owaka1, Fredrick Eyase2,3 and Rosemary Sang1
6. Emergence of a novel chikungunya virusstrain bearing the E1:V80A substitution, out ofthe Mombasa, Kenya 2017-2018 outbreak.
7. Fredrick EyaseID1,2,3*, Solomon Langat1, Irina Maljkovic Berry4, Francis Mulwa1,Albert Nyunja1, James Mutisya1, Samuel Owaka1, Samson Limbaso1,2, Victor Ofula1,Hellen Koka1, Edith Koskei1, Joel Lutomiah1,2, Richard G. Jarman4, Rosemary Sang1,2Link to publications: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/James-Mutisya-2

Koka is a Research Scientist at KEMRI Centre for Virus Research (CVR). Her research interests include the surveillance of vector-borne diseases transmitted by ticks, mosquitoes and others insect vectors.

Koka has experience in the research of infectious diseases such as Rift Valley Fever Virus, Dengue and Chikungunya in vectors and clinical samples and also vector competence. Other projects have involved investigation of bacterial and parasitic agents in tick vectors such as Ricketssia and Coxiella burnetii.

Her current works includes COVID-19 surveillance.

• PhD student, Medical Parasitology and Entomology
• MSc in Medical Parasitology and Entomology
• BSc Biology

1. Lutomiah Joel, Mulwa Francis, Mutisya James, Koskei Edith, Langat Solomon, Nyunja, Albert, Koka, Hellen, Konongoi, Samson, Chepkorir, Edith, Ofula, Victor, Owaka, Samuel, Eyase, Fredrick, Sang, Rosemary.Probable contribution of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes to the circulation of chikungunya virus during an outbreak in Mombasa County, Kenya, 2017–2018. Parasites Vectors 14, 138 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04632
2. Eyase Fredrick, Langat Solomon, Berry Irina Maljkovic, Mulwa Francis, Nyunja Albert, Mutisya James, Owaka Samuel, Limbaso Samson, Ofula Victor, Koka Hellen, Koskei Edith, Lutomiah Joel, Jarman Richard G, Sang, Rosemary (2020) Emergence of a novel chikungunya virus strain bearing the E1:V80A substitution, out of the Mombasa, Kenya 2017-2018 outbreak. PLOS ONE 15(11): https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241754
3. Irina Maljkovic Berry, Fredrick Eyase, Simon Pollett, Samson Limbaso Konongoi, M. Gordon Joyce, Katherine Figueroa, Victor Ofula, Helen Koka, Edith Koskei, Albert Nyunja, James D. Mancuso, Richard G. Jarman and Rosemary Sang (2019). Global outbreaks and origins of a Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) variant carrying mutations which may increase fitness for Aedes aegypti: Revelations from the 2016 Mandera, Kenya outbreak. AJTMH
4. Irina MaljkovicBerry, FredrickEyase, SimonPollett, Samson LimbasoKonongoi, KatherineFigueroa, VictorOfula, Helen Koka, Edith Koskei, Albert Nyunja, James D. Mancuso, Richard G. Jarman, Rosemary (2018). Recent outbreaks of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in Africa and Asia are driven by a variant carrying mutations associated with increased fitness for Aedes aegypti. bioRxiv 373316  doi:https://doi.org/10.1101/373316
5. Hellen Koka, Rosemary Sang, Helen Lydia Kutima, Lillian Musila; Coxiella burnetii detected in Tick Samples From Pastoral Communities in Kenya. BioMed Research International 2018 doi.org/10.1155/2018/8158102.
6. Hellen Koka, Rosemary Sang, Helen Lydia Kutima, Lillian Musila; The Detection of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia DNA in Tick Samples From Pastoral Communities in Kenya. J Med Entomol 2017 tjw238. doi:10.1093/jme/tjw238.

Janet Majanja is a Senior Research Scientist at the ARI Laboratory. She is a molecular virologist specializing in the study of respiratory viruses. She has expertise in surveillance, identification, and characterization of viral pathogens, utilizing serological, molecular, and genomic approaches to advance research and diagnostics. She has experience in laboratory management and Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC), ensuring high standards are maintained in scientific operations.

• MSc. Molecular Medicine
• BSc. Biochemisty

1. Tracking severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission and co-infection with other acute respiratory pathogens using a sentinel surveillance system in Rift Valley, Kenya. Ruttoh VK, Symekher SL, Majanja JM, Opanda SM, Chitechi EW, Wadegu M, Tonui R, Rotich PK, Nyandwaro TT, Mwangi AW, Mwangi IN, Oira RM, Musimbi AG, Nzou SM.Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2023 Nov; 17(11):e13227. doi: 10.1111/irv.13227.
2. Whole-genome sequence analysis reveals the circulation of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in Nairobi and neighboring counties, Kenya between March and July 2021. Khamadi, S. A., Opanda, S., Symekher, S. L., Limbaso, S. K., Langat, S., Cirindi, J. K., Mwangi, M., Mwikwabe, N., Okeyo, S., Koskei, E., Mutisya, J., Owaka, S., Nyunja, A., Koka, H., Wadegu, M., Chitechi, E., Achilla, R., Majanja, J. M., Kanyara, L., Amukoye, E., … Bulimo, W. (2022). Virology journal, 19(1), 178. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-022-01895-y
3. A Retrospective Analysis of Wastewater Confirms Dominant Circulation of SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant in Nairobi, Kenya, between April 2021 and August 2021. Sichamba, P., Wamunyokoli, F., Borus, P., Nzunza, R., Silvanos, O., Symekher, S., Khamadi, S.A., Majanja, J., Wadegu, M., Chitechi, E. and Mwangi, B., 2022. American Journal of Molecular Biology, 12(3), pp.109-121.
4. Diagnostic performance of a colorimetric RT -LAMP for the identification of SARS-CoV-2: A multicenter prospective clinical evaluation in sub-Saharan Africa. Marycelin Mandu Baba, Molalegne Bitew, Joseph Fokam, Eric Agola Lelo, Ahmed Ahidjo, Kominist Asmamaw, Grace Angong Beloumou, Wallace Dimbuson Bulimo, Emanuele Buratti, Collins Chenwi, Hailu Dadi, Pierlanfranco D’Agaro, Laura De Conti, Nadine Fainguem, Galadima Gadzama, Paolo Maiuri, Janet Majanja, Wadegu Meshack, Alexis Ndjolo, Celine Nkenfou, Bamidele Soji Oderinde, Silvanos Mukunzi Opanda, Ludovica Segat, Cristiana Stuani, Samwel L. Symekher, Desire Takou, Kassahun Tesfaye, Gianluca Triolo, Keyru Tuki, Serena Zacchigna, Alessandro Marcello, EClinicalMedicine.40 (2021) 101101 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101101
5. Impact of Influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 Virus on Circulation Dynamics of Seasonal Influenza Strains in Kenya. Janet Majanja, Rose N. Njoroge, Rachel Achilla, Eyako K. Wurapa, Meshack Wadegu, Silvanos Mukunzi, Josephat Mwangi, James Njiri, George Gachara, and Wallace Bulimo. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg 2013. 88(5) 940–945.
6. Molecular Surveillance of Adamantane Resistance among Human Influenza A Viruses Isolated in Four Epidemic Seasons in Kenya. Meshack Wadegu, Fred Wamunyokoli, George Osanjo, Silvanos Opanda, Janet Majanja, Rodney Coldren and Wallace Bulimo. J. Pharmacol. Ther. 2016. 5(3): 181-192 http://journals.uonbi.ac.ke/ajpt

Robert Onchong’a Mainga serves as a Principal Laboratory Analyst at the Centre for Virus Research (CVR) under the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI). In this capacity, he supports the Chief Laboratory Analyst in coordinating and overseeing activities across various departments and laboratories within the center.

He specializes in serological testing methods such as Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and molecular techniques including Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), sequencing, genotyping, and drug resistance profiling. His work primarily focuses on Hepatitis viruses, Poliovirus, and Measles. He also mentors and trains students from institutions of higher learning on molecular techniques during their attachment and internship periods.

Mr. Mainga plays a critical role as the focal point and Principal Laboratory Analyst in the WHO-accredited National/Intercountry Expanded Program for Immunization (EPI) Polio and Measles laboratories. These laboratories, which operate in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and KEMRI, serve six countries—Kenya, Somalia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Comoros (Africa), and Yemen (Asia).

His responsibilities include receiving and processing samples, extracting specimens, isolating poliovirus and other enteric viruses using rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) and L20B cell lines, and conducting molecular characterization of polioviruses. He is actively involved in the production of cell cultures used in virus isolation procedures.

Mr. Mainga also prepares quarterly laboratory reports, archives medically significant specimens for future reference, and maintains detailed laboratory registers for recorded analyses. He participates in the preparation of laboratory budgets and procurement plans for reagents and equipment.

In addition, he is responsible for drafting and enforcing Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in line with KEMRI and WHO protocols. He also handles data entry and dissemination to relevant programs.

As part of his training role, Mr. Mainga educates students on the isolation of enteric viruses from both clinical and environmental samples, such as sewage. He ensures that the laboratory consistently passes the WHO-recommended Proficiency Test Panels (PT), which form part of the quality control and quality assurance measures.

Serving as the laboratory’s focal point for the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), he ensures compliance with ISO 15189 (medical laboratories) and ISO 9001 (management systems) standards. He also trains students on these ISO requirements.

Furthermore, Mr. Mainga actively participates in national and sub-national polio vaccination campaigns (NIDs and SNIDs) as a National Logistician. Working with the Ministry of Health, WHO, UNICEF, and other partners, he oversees campaign implementation in counties, resolves challenges on the ground, and submits Independent Monitoring (IM) data using electronic tools.

He is also a trainer in laboratory biosafety, biorisk, and biosecurity management.

Academic Profile

• BSc. In Medical Laboratory Science
• MSc. In Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology
• PhD. On going

Professional Profile

• Successfully completed in a Webinar training on beyond algorithm: How Artificial Intelligence is transforming Our World., which was held on 22^nd November 2024, organized byBuruuj Training Institute (BTI)

• Successfully completed a one-week training on virus Isolation and Cell Culture refresher course which took place at the National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD) in Johannesburg South Africa from 9^th to 13^th October 2023. The training was organized by CDC, WHO, UNICEF, Rotary, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and The Vaccine alliance (GAVI).
• Successfully completed the AFR WebIFA Environmental Surveillance Training held 10-14 October 2022 in Machakos County, Kenya organized by the ministry of Health and WHO.

• Successfully completed a two weeks training at the Kenya School of Government on Supervisory Skills Development Course in June 2021.

• Participated and completed a four day WHO course in Infectious Substances Shipping Training at Dar es Salaam in Tanzania from 20^th – 23^rd October 2019.

• Successfully completed five (5) days training on introduction to Data Management and Analysis Using Starta from March 9^th – 13^th 2018 at the KEMRI Conference Hall, Nairobi Kenya.

• Successfully completed all requirements for the course on Leadership and Management in Health Professional Development from the University of Washington on December 2017.

• Successfully completed training in Good Clinical Laboratory Practice (GCLP) sponsored through capacity building grant received from The Swedish Research Council and organized by KEMRI/ Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Programme at KEMRI headquarters Nairobi Kenya on November 2015.

• Registered and obtained a certificate from Kenya Medical Laboratory Technicians and Technologists Board (KMLTTB) in October 2014.

• Completed computer skills from Milken Business and Information Training Centre in Kenya on March 2014. 

• Participated and completed a four days training course on Laboratory Biorisk Management held at KEMRI Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Head Quarters Nairobi Kenya in May 2013. 

• Successfully completed training in Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity organized by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in June 2010 in Nairobi Kenya.

• Successfully completed training in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for Intratypic Differentiation (ITD) of Polioviruses and other enteric viruses organized by National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) South Africa, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Kenya and World Health Organization (WHO) in Nairobi Kenya in February 2010.

1. Mainga Onchong’a Robert, Odari Okoth Eddy, Borus Kimutai Peter, Ole Kwallah Allan, Murith Gikunda James, Ruttoh Kiplangat Vincent, Mwandawiro Smiti Charles, Lihana Wekesa Raphael (2020) Characterization of Hepatitis C Virus Circulating among Injecting Drug Users (IDU) in Kilifi County, Kenya. Med Crave. Journal of Human Virology & Retrovirology. Mar 4, 2020. Page on 5/17/20
2. Bernard Ong’ondo Osero, Divinah Mariah, Johnstone Ingonga, Alphine Chebet, Martin Mutuku, Milkah Mwangi, Elizabeth Kigondu, Robert Mainga, Judith Makwali, Edwin Too and Damaris Matoke-Muhia. Natural products with antiparasitic activity: Bioactive extracts from Kenyan flora against leishmaniasis. International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies 2024; 11(4): 13-28 Available online at faunajournal.com. E-ISSN 2347-2677 P-ISSN 2394-0522 https://www.faunajournal.com IJFBS 2024; 11(4): 13-28 Received: 24-05-2024 Accepted: 26-06-2024.

Ms Pamela Njugu is a Research Scientist with experience in drug resistance including (Antibiotic Resistance) of enteric  pathoges in environmental settings including Klebsiella Species and Escherichia Coli ,Detection, Identification of infectious diseases in food handlers programme,with a background of teaching experience at the University level and various experiences at different settings in social work including Management of youth teams and organized public events that brought public awareness of sexually transmitted diseases and infections (hereinafter “STI”) in communities. Attendance of scientific local and global virtual trainings in which certificates are awarded and networking with Scientists from different Regions.

Her interests include the detection and identification of Emerging/Opportunistic infectious diseases and molecular epidemiology/surveillance of Rotavirus/ infectious diseases and dissemination of knowledge through scientific settings/projects, trainings involved in past and current modules.

• Masters of Science in Microbiology
• Bachelor of Science (Applied Biology)

PM Njugu, S Kariuki, V Matiru. Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns and Detection of Genes Responsible for Resistance of Klebsiella Species and Escherichia Coli Isolated from Environmental Sources around Nairobi, Kenya (Sent for Publication Review ) Conference Proceeding

Project work/manuscript/PI

PM Njugu, J Muchiri Isolation and Partial Characterization of Enterobacteria from Domestic Water Supply in Meru. (To be sent for Publication Review)

Seth is an experienced Research Data Scientist with over ten years of expertise in clinical research, data management, and statistical analysis. He has worked extensively in data systems implementation, health informatics, and multi-sectoral research analytics, contributing to evidence-based decision-making in public health.

Currently, he is based at the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Virus Research, where he specializes in clinical data management, statistical modeling, and optimizing data processes for research projects. He has previously held roles at the Walter Reed Project as a Lab Data Analyst and at the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi) Africa as a Clinical Research Data Management Officer, gaining expertise in data governance, analytics, and health system strengthening.

 

Seth holds a Master of Science in Information Technology (Business Intelligence major) from Strathmore University and has successfully implemented data systems such as DHIS2 and OpenClinica. He is proficient in statistical analysis tools and programming languages, including STATA, SPSS, R, and Python (Pandas, NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib, and Seaborn), which he applies in data modeling, visualization, and predictive analytics.

His career is dedicated to enhancing data-driven research methodologies, integrating advanced analytics, and mentoring emerging researchers in the field of data science and health informatics.

Education and Qualifications

• Information Technology (Business Intelligence Major) – Strathmore University, Nairobi, Kenya (2021)
• Computer Information Systems – Kenya Methodist University (2014)
• Diploma in Computer Studies – The Technical University of Kenya (2009)

Professional Training & Certifications

• Analytics on SAS – Great Learning Academy Online (November 2024)
• Leadership and Management in Health – University of Washington (UW), Seattle, USA (26th Sep – 5th Dec 2021)
• Evidence-Informed Decision Making (EIDM) – KEMRI, Resource Development & Knowledge Management Center (22nd – 26th Nov 2021)
• Data Management, Analysis & Graphics using STATA and SPSS – Indepth Research Services, Nairobi, Kenya (23rd – 27th Sep 2019)
• DHIS2 Fundamentals Training – Kampala, Uganda (27th May 2016)
• DHIS2 Information Use Training – Kampala, Uganda (3rd June 2016)
• Introduction to Good Clinical Practice – MRC, Khartoum, Sudan (31st Oct – 1st Nov 2015)

1. Okeyo, S., Omollo, R., Kimutai, R., Ochieng, M., & Egondi, T. (2017). PILOTING DHIS2 SYSTEM IN VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS SURVEILLANCE. BMJ Global Health, 2(Suppl 2). https://gh.bmj.com/content/2/suppl_2/a64.3.abstract
2. Okeyo, S. O. (2021). A Prototype for profit maximization using Apriori data mining algorithm: case of Kula Kona restaurant (Doctoral dissertation, Strathmore University). https://su-plus.strathmore.edu/handle/11071/12936
3. Omollo, R., Ochieng, M., Mutinda, B., Omollo, T., Owiti, R., Okeyo, S., & Edwards, T. (2014). Innovative approaches to clinical data management in resource limited settings using open-source technologies. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 8(9), e3134.https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0003134
4. Kirigi, G., Juma, R., Otieno, P., Omollo, R., Sulleh, A., Mutai, B. C., Okeyo, S & Muiruri, S. (2019). Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis impact on Cd4+ cells & infection reduction in HAART naïve HIV infected adults in our urban population, Kenya. African Journal of Health Sciences, 32(1), 18-26. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajhs/article/view/184947
5. Khamadi, S. A., Opanda, S., Symekher, Okeyo, S, S. L., Limbaso, S. K., Langat, S., Cirindi, J. K., … & Bulimo, W. (2022). Whole-genome sequence analysis reveals the circulation of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in Nairobi and neighboring counties, Kenya between March and July 2021. Virology Journal, 19(1), 178. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12985-022-01895-y
6. Ochieng, M., Jitharidkul, R., Okeyo, S., Omollo, T., Owiti, R., Mutinda, B., … & Omollo, R. (2015). Achieving efficiency in clinical data management through OpenClinica integration with a patient monitoring system. Trop Med Int Health, 20, 170. https://dndi.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/

Mrs. Betty Chelangat is a Laboratory Analyst with over 17 years of experience specializing in arboviruses, particularly in the Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHF) Laboratory at the Centre for Virus Research. She has received extensive training in both laboratory analysis and fieldwork related to arboviruses. Ms. Chelangat is highly skilled in entomological practices, especially regarding arbovirus vectors, including field surveillance of mosquito and tick-borne arboviruses, vector identification, and mosquito rearing. Her work involves the collection of field samples, identification of vectors, and the processing and screening of samples for arboviruses.

In addition to her research duties, she is responsible for laboratory operations, including maintaining accurate documentation, training staff, and ensuring the proper upkeep of equipment. In addition, Ms. Chelangat has contributed to outbreak response teams, including the Yellow Fever outbreak in Isiolo in 2022 and the entomological investigations and response during the Rift Valley Fever outbreak in Marsabit County, Kenya, in February-March 2024.

• Bsc. Technology in Applied Biology

1. Solomon K. Langat1, Konongoi Limbaso1,Samoel Khamadi1, Albert Nyunja1, GenayPilarowski2, Emmanuel Okunga3, Victor Ofula1, Paul Oluniyi2, Hellen Koka1, Edith Koskei1,Samuel Owaka1, Betty Chelangat1, Francis Mulwa1, James Mutisya1, Edith Chepkorir1, Joel Lutomiah1, Daniel Langat3, Patrick Amoth4, Elijah Songok1. Genomic sequence analysis of the first mpox virus  detected in Kenya.
2. Sheila B. Agha, Edith Chepkorir, Francis Mulwa, Caroline Tigoi, Samuel Arum, Milehna M. Guarido, Peris Ambala, Betty Chelangat, Joel Lutomiah, David P. Tchouassi, Michael J. Turell, Rosemary Sang. Vector competence of populations of Aedes aegypti from three distinct cities in Kenya for chikungunya virus. PLOS NTD, August 18, 2017.Link to publicationhttps://www.researchgate.net/profile/Betty-Chelangat

Ms. Fiona is a dedicated medical laboratory professional with a strong background in biobanking and virology, committed to ensuring quality, reproducibility and excellence in laboratory practices. Ms. Fiona’s versatile skillset spans both medical facilities and research institutions, making me an asset in the laboratory field. With a notable international expertise in biobanking skills, she has gained invaluable experience in cutting-edge research. She has demonstrated exceptional leadership capabilities while overseeing diverse roles across the country. In addition, her experience extends to mentoring medical laboratories ensures compliance with ISO 15189:2018 fostering a culture of continuous improvement. She is eager to connect with fellow professionals to explore impactful contributions to the field.

• MSc. Biobanks and complex data management
• BSc. Medical Laboratory Sciences

Over 15 years of experience of working in a medical research     setting, in Kenya Medical Research Institute at the Centre for Virus Research ARI laboratory.

• MSc. Molecular Medicine, JKUAT/KEMRI Graduate School
• BSc. Biochemistry, Egerton University

Experienced research scientist with expertise in a range of laboratory techniques incorporating

• Molecular detection and characterization of respiratory pathogens.
• Assaying for antiviral susceptibility of respiratory viruses by molecular and phenotypic methods

Wide knowledge and experience in QA/QC and Bio-Risk management functions in a Medical Research setting that fosters safety of personnel and quality output.

1. Tracking severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission and co-infection with other acute respiratory pathogens using a sentinel surveillance system in Rift Valley, Kenya.Ruttoh VK, Symekher SL, Majanja JM, Opanda SM, Chitechi EW, Wadegu M, Tonui R, Rotich PK, Nyandwaro TT, Mwangi AW, Mwangi IN, Oira RM, Musimbi AG, Nzou SM.Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2023 Nov; 17(11):e13227. doi: 10.1111/irv.13227.
2. Whole-genome sequence analysis reveals the circulation of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in Nairobi and neighboring counties, Kenya between March and July 2021Khamadi, S. A., Opanda, S., Symekher, S. L., Limbaso, S. K., Langat, S., Cirindi, J. K., Wadegu, M., & Bulimo, W. (2022).. Virology Journal, 19(1), 178.
3. A Retrospective Analysis of Wastewater Confirms Dominant Circulation of SARSCoV-2 Delta Variant in Nairobi, Kenya, between April 2021 and August 2021.Sichamba, P., Wamunyokoli, F., Borus, P., Nzunza, R., Silvanos,O., Symekher, S., Khamadi, S.A., Majanja, J., Wadegu, M., Chitechi, E., Mwangi, B., Komen, E., Ombija, S. and Bulimo, W.D. (2022) American Journal of Molecular Biology, 12, 109-121.https://doi.org/10.4236/ajmb.2022.123010
4. Diagnostic performance of a colorimetric RT -LAMP for the identification of SARS-CoV-2: A multicenter prospective clinical evaluation in sub-Saharan AfricaMarycelin Mandu Baba, Eric Agola Lelo, Ahmed Ahidjo, Kominist Asmamaw, Grace Angong Beloumou, Wallace Dimbuson Bulimo, Pierlanfranco D’Agaro, Laura De Conti, Nadine Fainguem, Janet Majanja, Wadegu Meshack, Alexis Ndjolo, Silvanos Mukunzi Opanda, Samwel L. Symekher, Alessandro Marcello, EClinicalMedicine,Volume 40,2021,
5. Molecular Surveillance of Adamantane Resistance among Human Influenza A Viruses Isolated in Four Epidemic Seasons in Kenya. Meshack Wadegu, Fred Wamunyokoli, George Osanjo, Silvanos Opanda, Janet Majanja, Rodney Coldren and Wallace Bulimo. Afr. J. Pharmacol. Ther. 2016. 5(3): 181-192
6. A Survey of Biosafety and Biosecurity Practices in the United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K)Bonventure W. Juma, Meshack Wadegu, Albina Makio, Ronald Kirera, Fredrick Eyase, George Awinda, John Kamanza, David Schnabel, and Eyako K. Wurapa. Applied Biosafety. 2014.28-34.

Silvanos Mukunzi Opanda is a Molecular Virologist at the Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Acute Respiratory Illnesses (ARI) Laboratory. He brings extensive expertise in molecular techniques, viral isolation, and DNA data analysis, with specialized proficiency in sequencing technologies, including Sanger and Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) MinION platforms. His work is dedicated to advancing research on respiratory viruses with the goal of improving public health outcomes.

• BSc. Biochemistry
• MSc. Molecular Medicine

1. Wangui, J., Gachara, G., Mobegi, V., Agoti, C., Otieno, J., Opanda, S., Opot, B., Ngeranwa, J.N., Njeru, R. and Bulimo, W., 2025. Molecular Analysis of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Group B Strains Isolated in Kenya Before and During the Emergence of Pandemic Influenza A/H1N1. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, 19(2), p.e70082.
2. Ruttoh, V. K., Symekher, S. L., Majanja, J. M., Opanda, S. M., Chitechi, E. W., Wadegu, M., … & Nzou, S. M. (2023). Tracking severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission and co‐infection with other acute respiratory pathogens using a sentinel surveillance system in Rift Valley, Kenya. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, 17(11), e13227.
3. Khamadi, S. A., Opanda, S., Symekher, S. L., Limbaso, S. K., Langat, S., Cirindi, J. K., … & Bulimo, W. (2022). Whole-genome sequence analysis reveals the circulation of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in Nairobi and neighboring counties, Kenya between March and July 2021. Virology Journal, 19(1), 178.
4. Sichamba, P., Wamunyokoli, F., Borus, P., Nzunza, R., Silvanos, O., Symekher, S., … & Bulimo, W. D. (2022). A Retrospective Analysis of Wastewater Confirms Dominant Circulation of SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant in Nairobi, Kenya, between April 2021 and August 2021. American Journal of Molecular Biology, 12(3), 109-121.
5. Nyang’au, E. M., Bulimo, W. D., Mobegi, V., Opanda, S., & Magiri, E. (2020). Genetic Analysis of HA1 Domain of Influenza A/H3N2 Viruses Isolated in Kenya During the 2007 to 2013 Seasons Reveal Significant Divergence from WHO-Recommended Vaccine Strains. International Journal of Infectious Diseases.
6. Opanda, S., Bulimo, W., Gachara, G., Ekuttan, C., & Amukoye, E. (2020). Assessing antigenic drift and phylogeny of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus in Kenya using HA1 sub-unit of the hemagglutinin gene. PloS one, 15(2), e0228029.

Pamela Njugu is a motivated and results-driven Research Scientist at the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), specializing in virology, microbiology and disease surveillance. With a strong background in pathogen research, antimicrobial resistance studies, and scientific project management, she is dedicated to advancing global health initiatives through innovative scientific research.

At KEMRI’s Centre for Virology, Njugu plays a pivotal role in driving viral and microbiological research, ensuring high laboratory and ethical compliance standards, and mentoring junior scientists. She actively reviews scientific proposals, supervises research projects, and presents findings at Centre and National conferences.

P. Njugu professionally and academically is interested in bioinformatics, leveraging computational tools to analyze microbial genomics, metagenomics, and virology datasets. Her research focuses on:

• Emerging and re-emerging viral pathogens
• Antimicrobial resistance and its global health impact
• The integration of bioinformatics in disease surveillance and epidemiology
• Advancing biotechnology-driven diagnostics and therapeutics

Pamela Njugu is stanch to bridging the gap between scientific research and real-world healthcare solutions. By integrating bioinformatics with virology and microbiology, she seeks to enhance pathogen detection, disease modeling, and epidemiological forecasting. Her work and academic aspirations aim to drive innovations in public health strategies, inform policy decisions, and contribute to global disease control efforts.

• BSc. Bachelor of Science (Applied Biology) Kenya Methodist University – Meru, Kenya
• MSc. Master of Science (Microbiology) Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology– Nairobi, Kenya
• PhD. Registered (PhD candidate)

• Njugu et al Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns and Detection of Genes Responsible for Resistance of Klebsiella Species and Escherichia Coli Isolated from Environmental Sources around Nairobi, Kenya.

Scientific Conference Proceedings: Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology,

• Njugu et al Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns and Detection of Genes Responsible for Resistance of Klebsiella species and Escherichia coli Isolated from Environmental Sources around Nairobi, Kenya,

Dissertation: Kenya Methodist University, Njugu et al

• Isolation and Partial Characterization of Enterobacteria from Domestic Water Supply in Meru.Full genome characterization of a Kenyan G8P[14] rotavirus strain suggests artiodactyl-to-human zoonotic transmission” Ernest A Wandera, Yuki Akari, Carlene Sang, Pamela Njugu, Samoel A Khamadi, Saori Fukuda, Takayuki Murata, Shingo Inoue, James Nyangao and Satoshi Komoto

Ms. Samira is a research scientist with three years of experience in surveillance and outbreak response for vaccine-preventable diseases, with a focus on polio and measles as part of the polio eradication program. Currently, she works as a laboratory analyst, conducting various processes such as virus isolation, serological tests, and molecular diagnosis of diseases. Additionally, Ms. Samira trains students during their internships to enhance their skills, a crucial preliminary stage of scientific work. She aspires to advance my career in research, primarily to understand disease patterns among humans, animals, and the environment, and to raise awareness among the general public.

• BSc. Microbiology

Mr. Muasya is a knowledgeable, hardworking and skilled medical laboratory professional with solid history helping testing biological samples with range of common and advanced techniques. Focused on helping physicians diagnose, treat and prevent diseases by providing accurate, timely results. He is effective at setting up and calibrating laboratory equipment to minimize errors.

• Diploma. Medical Laboratory Sciences (Kenya Medical Training College)
• HND. Virology (Kenya Medical Training College)
• MPH  Public Health (Maseno University)
• PhD. Public Health (Maseno University)-completed awaiting defense
• SMC. Kenya School of Government
• Gene-technology. Japan under KEMRI- JICA collaboration

1. Antiretroviral resistance among HIV-1 patients on first-line therapy attending a comprehensive care clinic in Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya: a retrospective analysis
   Joyceline Gaceri Kinyua,&, Raphael Wekesa Lihana, Michael Kiptoo, Timothy Muasya, Irene Odera, Patrick Muiruri, Elijah Maritim SongokPan African Medical Journal. 2018; 29:186 doi:10.11604/pamj.2018.29.186.10796
2. Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus and its genotypes among a cohort of drug users in Kenya. Timothy Muasya, Lore W, Yatsuhashi H,Fukuda M,Tamada MY,Tuei J,Okoth FA. August 2008 East African Medical Journal 85(7):318-25DOI: 10.4314/eamj.v85i7.9649
3. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and uptake of hepatitis B vaccine among healthcare workers, Makueni County, Kenya 2017.  Esther Ngina Kisangau, Timothy Muasya A Awour, Bonventure Juma, Sara Lowther. Journal of Public Health. Volume 49,  Issue 4, December 2019(pages 765 -779)DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdy186
4. Annual Viral Hepatitis Surveillance in Kenya: outcome of a year survey in 2014. Songok E, Night D, Muasya T, Andonov A, Tuei J, journal of Viral Hepatitis 22:42-43. September 2015
5. What are the Missed Opportunities in Prevention Interventions for HBV, HCV and HIV among Key Populations along the Northern Transport Corridor in Kenya?Joseph Mwangi,Muasya Timothy,Mwai Eva, Khamadi Samoel. February 2022 Journal of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology 8(2)DOI: 10.23937/2474-3658/1510249
6. Variability of Hepatitis B Genotypes among HIV Infected Individuals in Kenya. Rency Lel, Sheila Kageha, Dama Olungae, Alex Maiyo, Timothy Muasya, Joyceline Kinyua, Lihana Raphael, Judy Chege, Nancy Lagat, Lucy Kanyara and Mwangi Joseph. Journal of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology. ISSN: 2474-3658 Pub Date: February 17, 2024DOI: 10.23937/2474-3658/1510316
7. Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies among Patients Visiting Hospital-Based Sentinel Sites in The Rift Valley Region, Kenya.Vincent Kiplangat Ruttoh ,, Brian Kipkoech  , Ronald Tonui  , Ruth Omoti John  , Ibrahim Ndungu Mwangi  , Ruth Wambui Gicho  , Sally Wambui Kamau  , Maureen Wangui Njihia  , Samwel Lifumo Symekher  , Timothy Muasya Mwanzia  , James Murithi Gikunda  , Matthew Mutinda Munyao  , Caroline Wangui Njoroge  and Samson Muuo NzouPreprints.org (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 15 March 2024 doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0923.v1
8. Sero-prevalence of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection and predisposing factors  among HIV Infected patients Attending Comprehensive Care Clinic at Kenyatta  national Hospital, Kenya.
   

   R.W. Gicho, R. Waihenya, N. Ndegwa., Muasya Timothy, L. Muthami, M. Nzou, K. Mutai, R.W. Lihana

   East African Medical Journal / Vol. 93 No. 10 (2016) 

9. Risk of transmission of hepatitis B and C virus through blood transfusion due to screening methods at the national blood transfusion centre in Nairobi, KenyaMuasya T,Kakai R,Aluoch J, Khamadi SInternational Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies (ijiras) Volume 7 issue 7, july 2020  issn: 2394-4404

Mr. Cheruiyot is a molecular epidemiologist with expertise in genomic surveillance of infectious diseases. His work focuses on using next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics to track the evolution and spread of viral pathogens. Mr. Cheruiyot has played a key role in the characterization of circulating polioviruses and measles virus strains. His epidemiological expertise includes the analysis of regional and national surveillance data to monitor vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) trends and the investigation of outbreaks to inform public health response. Mr. Cheruiyot’s work contributes to the strengthening of immunization programs and the prevention of VPDs.  He is committed to bridging the gap between laboratory science and public health practice, fostering collaborative research to improve global health security.

• MSc. Public Health
• BSc. Molecular and Cellular Biology

1. Predictors of adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) among HIV Patients attending selected Comprehensive Care Centres (CCC) in Kericho County. (https://doi.org/10.47604/jhmn.1191)

Rency is an infectious diseases epidemiologist at the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Virus Research. Currently she is pursuing a PhD in Epidemiology, has an MSc in Molecular Medicine and a BSc in Biomedical Sciences. She has over 15 years’ research experience in HIV&AIDS prevention and treatment in paediatrics and adolescents. Rency has also contributed to HIV co-infection and co-morbidities studies particularly in key populations. Her current research interests include understanding the dynamics of aging with HIV. Presently she is involved in a study looking at the mental challenges faced by adolescents living with HIV and disease progression in this population.

• Ongoing: Pursuing a PhD degree in Epidemiology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (ITROMID)/KEMRI Graduate school.
• 2018    Master of Science in Molecular Medicine, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology (ITROMID).
• 2006    Bachelor of Science in Biomedical sciences, Maseno University.

1. Lel R., Kageha S, Olungae D, Maiyo A, Muasya T, et al. (2024) Variability of Hepatitis B Genotypes among HIV Infected Individuals in Kenya. Journal of Infectious Disease & Epidemiology 10:316. doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510316.
2. Lel Rency, Ngaira Jane, Lihana Raphael, Khamadi Samoel. (2014). HIV-1 drug resistance mutations among infants born to HIV-positive mothers in Busia, Kenya. AIDS Research Human Retroviruses. Dec;30 (12):1236-8.
3. Kanyara, L., Lel, R., Kageha, S. et al. Diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors among HIV infected patients on HAART. BMC Public Health 24, 846 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18265-8.
4. Kageha S, Xiuqiong Bi, Quynh T. Nguyen,  Lihana R, Olungae D, Kinyua J, Rency J. Lel, Mwangi J,  Okoth V,  Saina M, Son T. Chu, Matilu M. , Songok E, Tokoro M & Hiroshi Ichimura. Trends in drug resistance mutations among HIV-1-infected children in Kenya from 2014 to 2018, Preventive Medicine Research, 2023, Volume 1, Issue 5, Pages 64-77.  https://doi.org/10.60219.
5. Mwangi J, Muasya T, Eva Mwai, Kinyua J, Olungae D, Rency Lel, Lihana R, Chege J, Maiyo A, Nancy Lagat, Lucy Kanyara, Oira Robert, Sheila Kageha, Vincent Okoth, Elijah Songok and Khamadi Samoel (2022). What are the Missed Opportunities in Prevention Interventions for HBV, HCV and HIV among Key Populations along the Northern Transport Corridor in Kenya? Journal of Infect Dis. Epidemiol 8:249. doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510249.
6. Pascal BUTOYI, Eddy O. Odari, Alex Maiyo, Rency Lel, Raphael W. Lihana (2019). Molecular Characterization of HIV-1 And Drug Resistance Among HIV-1 Infected Patients Attending Kayanza District Hospital, Burundi. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare. Vol 9, No 10.
7. Mwangi Joseph, Solomon Mpoke, Dama Olungae, Rency Lel, Zipporah Ng’anga. (2019). Sero-mapping of HBV, HCV, HSV2 and Syphilis across regions in Kenya. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare; Vol 9, No 12.
8. Mwangi J, Nganga Z, Mpoke S, Lihana R, Kinyua J, Lagat N, Muriuki J, Lel R, Kageha S, Osman S, Ichimura H. (2016). Hepatitis C virus genotypes in Kenya. Archives of Virology. Jan;161(1):95-101.

Mr. Stephen Ombija is an experienced public health and laboratory scientist professional in vaccine preventable disease surveillance, outbreak response and scientific research. He specializes in environmental surveillance (ES) of viruses, as well as laboratory analysis within the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) at Centre for Virus Research, KEMRI. Additionally, Mr. Ombija holds a Master of Public Health from Amref International University and certifications in effective healthcare management from the University of Toronto. He is recognized as an EPI fellow under the Capacity Development of Applied Epidemiologists (CDAE) program in Eastern Africa through the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP II) and a MasterCard Fellow through IMIx Executive programs from Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto.

• MPH. Applied Epidemiology
• BSc. Biochemistry (Molecular Biology)

• CHM. Certificate in Healthcare Management

1. A Retrospective Analysis of Wastewater Confirms Dominant Circulation of SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant in Nairobi, Kenya, between April 2021 and August 2021 DOI: 4236/ajmb.2022.123010
2. Is Exposure to Inter-Parental Violence Associated with Recent Intimate Partner Violence among Women in Kibra Informal Settlements? Evidence from a cross-sectional study DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajhs.v37i1.2.
3. Water, sanitation, and intimate partner violence: Insights from Kibra Slums, Nairobi. DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.0414.

4. Key considerations for research into how climate change affects sexual and reproductive health and rights. DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00093-7