Research findings on Virus associated Cancers at JOOTRH.

Older patients and those without HIV are less likely to die, while male patients face a significantly higher likelihood of mortality. This was revealed by a study conducted by Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) scientists led by Ms. Sharon Achieng in collaboration with the Washington University on the association between clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with virus associated cancers and mortality at the Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital (JOOTRH). Covering data from January 2014 to December 2023, the research findings offer a comprehensive analysis of clinical and demographic factors affecting patients with these cancers, while exploring key determinants of mortality.

During the presentation of her findings, Ms. Sharon explained that viral infections are a significant contributor to cancer incidence in Africa, making it crucial to understand the characteristics of affected patients to enhance prevention and treatment strategies. “This study examined 1,252 patients diagnosed with cancers linked to viruses, including cervical, Kaposi sarcoma, penile, vulvar, anal, and vaginal cancers. By delving into patient records, the researchers identified p atterns and risk factors shaping the outcomes of thisvulnerable population,” she added.

The findings revealed that the median age of diagnosis was 48 years, with a majority (80%) of patients being female. Socioeconomic challenges were evident, as 19% of the patients were unemployed. Alarmingly, 45% of the cohort was living with HIV, a significant risk factor that compounded their health struggles. Other comorbidities, such as hypertension, were observed in 12% of the patients, while smoking and alcohol consumption were relatively low, reported at 4% and 6%, respectively.

According to the study, cervical cancer emerged as the most prevalent type amongst cancers, accounting for 77.3% of cases, followed by Kaposi sarcoma at 9.9%. Despite the severity of these conditions, 59% of patients did not receive any form of treatment. For those who were treated, chemotherapy alone was the most common approach, utilized in 23% of cases, while 11% underwent a combination of treatments.

The study also revealed a critical challenge in patient outcomes. More than half (55%) of the patients were lost to follow-up, raising concerns about retention in care. Of the remaining patients, only 18% were alive at the time of analysis, 14% had died, and 13% had transferred to other healthcare facilities.

Mortality risks were found to vary based on age, gender, and HIV status. The high rate of lost-to-follow-up cases points to systemic gaps that require urgent attention. Retaining patients in care and ensuring timely treatment are essential steps in tackling the burden of virus-associated cancers. Young people and individuals living with HIV were identified as high-risk groups, necessitating focused strategies to support them through diagnosis, treatment, and recovery.

This research highlights the importance of comprehensive cancer awareness and screening programs, particularly for vulnerable populations. Socioeconomic support systems could also play a pivotal role in ensuring better adherence to treatment. Furthermore, gender-specific approaches are critical, given the elevated mortality risk among men.

Looking ahead, research into interventions tailored to address care gaps and the underlying socioeconomic factors contributing to poor outcomes should be carried out. In addition, more collaborations between research institutions like KEMRI and local healthcare providers will be vital in crafting sustainable solutions for managing virus-associated cancers in Kenya.